基于压缩感知的DSSS信号双阶段捕获方法

针对直接序列扩频(DSSS,Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum)信号的捕获性能与硬件消耗或计算复杂度的相互制约问题,基于压缩感知理论,提出了一种双阶段压缩捕获方法,第1阶段进行快速粗捕获,第2阶段在第1阶段基础上实现精确捕获.首先研究DSSS信号的相关域稀疏性,构造了稀疏变换矩阵;然后利用确定性沃尔什-阿达马矩阵,分别构造了2个阶段压缩测量矩阵及其检测算法;最后从检测概率和平均捕获时间两方面对提出算法的捕获性能进行了理论分析,并用蒙特卡罗法进行了验证.理论分析和仿真实验表明,该方法能够在显著降低相关次数的前提下,达到传统基于并行相关方法的捕获性能水平.      

基于ICT分布的容迟网络接触模型

在容迟网络中,掌握节点之间的接触间隔时间(ICT)的特性,能够为网络性能分析、路由协议设计以及算法优化等研究提供理论指导和帮助,但目前的ICT模型往往缺乏普适性.通过对节点运动做出一般性假设,基于可靠性数学方法,给出了一个基于ICT分布的接触模型——IDCM.该模型证明了两个移动节点之间的ICT服从指数分布,且指数分布的参数仅与两个节点的历史接触次数和累积ICT有关.在随机方向(RD)移动模型、随机路点(RWP)移动模型、北京市出租车网络、口袋交换网4个数据集上进行了仿真验证,并与基于统计拟合参数的指数分布模型进行对比.仿真实验结果表明,IDCM能够准确反映节点对之间的接触间隔时间分布,且模型准确性优于基于统计拟合参数的指数分布模型.      

火星软着陆能量最优制导律转移能力分析

着陆器在动力下降段的转移能力是影响定点软着陆的重要因素。文章从转移能力的角度出发,研究火星软着陆动力下降段能量最优制导律,分析燃料质量系数、时间权重以及不同初始高度和速度对转移能力的影响。由于能量最优制导律不能保证满足路径约束,因此对于确定的着陆器初始状态,着陆器转移能力不仅与燃料质量系数有关,还受到制导律本身的制约。当转移距离超过一定的界限时,尽管燃料充足,着陆轨迹会进入地表以下,造成任务失败。时间权重是能量最优制导律的关键参数,既影响燃耗,也影响着陆轨迹的形状。实际工程任务中,为实现燃料的充分利用,需根据着陆器状态调整制导律中的时间权重。本文给出了最优时间权重的确定方法,实现了一定燃料质量系数下的最大转移能力。     

基于MPSC和CPN制导方法的协同制导律

针对带有末端攻击角度约束的多导弹协同制导问题,运用模型预测扩展控制（MPSC）和协同比例制导（CPN）,设计了一种满足末端攻击角度约束的多导弹协同次优制导律。阐述了MPSC制导方法的基本理论,详细给出了控制量表达式以二次形式近似时MPSC制导律的设计过程。采用CPN对MPSC制导方法的初始控制量进行猜测,并确定协同攻击时间。仿真时考虑两枚导弹对地面静止目标进行协同攻击。仿真结果表明,两枚导弹攻击时间偏差和末端攻击角度偏差均可控制在给定范围内,即本文所设计的制导律在实现多导弹协同攻击时,还可以很好地满足末端攻击角度约束。      

LEO enhanced Global Navigation Satellite System (LeGNSS) for real-time precise positioning services

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in many geosciences areas with its Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. However, GNSS still has its own bottleneck, such as the long initialization period of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) without dense reference network. Recently, the concept of PNTRC (Positioning, Navigation, Timing, Remote sensing and Communication) has been put forward, where Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are recruited to fulfill diverse missions. In navigation aspect, a number of selected LEO satellites can be equipped with a transmitter to transmit similar navigation signals to ground users, so that they can serve as GNSS satellites but with much faster geometric change to enhance GNSS capability, which is named as LEO constellation enhanced GNSS (LeGNSS). As a result, the initialization time of PPP is expected to be shortened to the level of a few minutes or even seconds depending on the number of the LEO satellites involved. In this article, we simulate all the relevant data from June 8th to 14th, 2014 and investigate the feasibility of LeGNSS with the concentration on the key issues in the whole data processing for providing real-time PPP service based on a system configuration with fourteen satellites of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), twenty-four satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), and sixty-six satellites of the Iridium satellite constellations. At the server-end, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Precise Clock Estimation (PCE) with various operational modes are investigated using simulated observations. It is found out that GNSS POD with partial LEO satellites is the most practical mode of LeGNSS operation. At the user-end, the Geometry Dilution Of Precision (GDOP) and Signal-In-Space Ranging Error (SISRE) are calculated and assessed for different positioning schemes in order to demonstrate the performance of LeGNSS. Centimeter level SISRE can be achieved for LeGNSS.     

Statistical properties of the IMF clock angle in the solar wind with northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field based on ACE observation from 1998 to 2009: Dependence on the temporal scale of the solar wind

Utilizing ACE satellite observations from 1998 to 2009, we performed the elaborate study on the properties of the clock angle θ_CA (arctan(By/Bz) (?90° to 90°) of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the solar wind at 1?AU. The solar wind with northward IMF (NW-IMF) and southward IMF (SW-IMF) are analyzed, independently. Statistical analysis shows that the solar wind with SW-IMF and NW-IMF has similar properties in general, including their durations, the IMF Bz and By components, and the IMF θ_CA. Then, the solar wind with NW-IMF (SW-IMF) is classified into five different temporal scales according to the duration of the NW-IMF (SW-IMF), i.e., very-short wind of 10–30?min, short-scale wind of 0.5–1?h, moderate-scale wind of 1–3?h, long-scale wind of 3–5?h, and super-long wind >5?h. Our analysis reveals that the IMF θ_CA has a distinct decrease with increase of the temporal scale of the solar wind. Next, the solar wind is classified into two groups, i.e., the high-speed solar wind (>450?km/s) and the low-speed solar wind (<450?km/s). Our analysis indicates that the IMF θ_CA depends highly on the solar wind speed. Statistically, high-speed solar wind tends to have larger IMF θ_CA than low-speed solar wind. The evolutions of the solar wind and IMF with the solar activity are further studied, revealing no clear solar variation of the IMF θ_CA. Finally, we analyze the monthly variation of the IMF θ_CA. Superposed epoch result strongly suggests the seasonal variation of the IMF θ_CA.     

ARMA参数识别的预估噪声法

若ARMA模型(B)y_t=θ(B)w_t的驱动白噪声预先给定,则参数的识别是一个线性问题,本文从此观点出发,推导了从已知时间序列{y_t)预估驱动白噪声{w_t}序列的递推算法,由序列{y_t}与递推得到的{w_t}的值,对相关函数作出估计,然后由参数与{y_t}和{w_t}二阶矩的线性关系即可求解出模型的参数,此算法简单快速,并且有良好的精度。     

GPS多接收机组合的共视时间比对技术研究

为提高GPS共视时间比对的性能,本文介绍了利用中科院国家授时中心（NTSC）和德国物理技术研究院（PTB）两个守时实验室的多台接收机,基于多接收机组合技术原理,构建了NTSC和PTB各自的多接收机组合系统,采用数据融合技术,计算得出两个多接收机系统的观测数据并进行了时间比对试验及性能分析。结果表明,多接收机组合不仅提高了GPS共视的可靠性和稳定性,且提高了时间比对链路的精度。多接收机链路共视时间比对结果的标准偏差STDEV为1.36ns,比单接收机链路时间比对结果的STDEV值平均提高了19.4%,日稳可达3.2×10^-14。     

热电偶温度传感器响应时间测试及分析

在国防及航天领域,研究热电偶温度传感器的动态响应特性,对动态过程的测量准确度和控制系统的实时性具有十分重要的工程价值和现实意义。使用热电偶温度传感器响应时间测试系统,对7只不同结构的热电偶温度传感器进行试验,根据对比分析时间常数及响应时间的测试结果,为动态温度信号测量过程中热电偶温度传感器的选型及使用提供参考。     

航空发动机转速信号的ARMA模型预测方法研究

提出了一种基于时间序列理论的分析和预测某型航空发动机转速信号的方法,建立了描述发动机额定转速变化规律的ARMA（3,1）模型,并对发动机转速进行预测。结果表明,所建模型能够以较高精度预测未来一段周期内发动机转速信号的发展趋势和数值大小,说明采用时序分析方法进行航空发动机转速信号预测有效可行。