精密时间频率，国防命脉所在——国防时间频率专业的发展

精密时间频率设备及其计量技术是国防科技工业的基础,总结了国防科技工业在晶体元器件、频率综合、原子频标、时间频率计量等时频领域的发展现状,并指出时间频率专业今后的发展方向。     

数字景象图的计算机模拟生成

数字景象图在飞行器末制导中起着关键作用。在特殊情形下，有必要用计算机模拟生成数字景象图。本文在分析数字景象图成象机理的基础上给出了一个基于数字高程图模拟生成数字景象图的框架，分别讨论了光照模型，大气模型，误差模型，坐标系和视点变换等关键步骤。文中给出了模拟生成的结果。     

Photoinduced catalytic synthesis of biologically important metabolites from formaldehyde and ammonia under plausible “prebiotic” conditions

The article analyzes new and previously reported data on several catalytic and photochemical processes yielding biologically important molecules. UV-irradiation of formaldehyde aqueous solution yields acetaldehyde, glyoxal, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde, which can serve as precursors of more complex biochemically relevant compounds. Photolysis of aqueous solution of acetaldehyde and ammonium nitrate results in formation of alanine and pyruvic acid. Dehydration of glyceraldehyde catalyzed by zeolite HZSM-5-17 yields pyruvaldehyde. Monosaccharides are formed in the course of the phosphate-catalyzed aldol condensation reactions of glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde and formaldehyde. The possibility of the direct synthesis of tetroses, keto- and aldo-pentoses from pure formaldehyde due to the combination of the photochemical production of glycolahyde and phosphate-catalyzed carbohydrate chain growth is demonstrated. Erythrulose and 3-pentulose are the main products of such combined synthesis with selectivity up to 10%. Biologically relevant aldotetroses, aldo- and ketopentoses are more resistant to the photochemical destruction owing to the stabilization in hemiacetal cyclic forms. They are formed as products of isomerization of erythrulose and 3-pentulose. The conjugation of the concerned reactions results in a plausible route to the formation of sugars, amino and organic acids from formaldehyde and ammonia under presumed ‘prebiotic’ conditions.     

运载火箭/航天器耦合分支模态综合法(上)

将运载火箭作为主结构、航天器作为分支子结构,分别采用自由界面模态展开定理和固定界面模态展开定理,导出分支模态综合法,进行运载火箭/航天器组合模型响应分析.进而,采用界面约束模态质量的界面加速度,导出航天器载荷估计方法,这时的运载火箭与航天器连接界面可以是静定的或静不定的.当仅考虑连接界面是静定的情况,界面约束模态质量将...     

Nonlinear flutter wind tunnel test and numerical analysis of folding fins with freeplay nonlinearities

The flutter characteristics of folding control fins with freeplay are investigated by numerical simulation and flutter wind tunnel tests. Based on the characteristics of the structures, fins with different freeplay angles are designed. For a 0° angle of attack, wind tunnel tests of these fins are conducted, and vibration is observed by accelerometers and a high-speed camera. By the expansion of the connected relationships, the governing equations of fit for the nonlinear aeroelastic analysis are established by the free-interface component mode synthesis method. Based on the results of the wind tunnel tests, the flutter characteristics of fins with different freeplay angles are analyzed. The results show that the vibration divergent speed is increased, and the divergent speed is higher than the flutter speed of the nominal linear system. The vibration divergent speed is increased along with an increase in the freeplay angle. The developed free-interface component mode synthesis method could be used to establish governing equations and to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear aeroelastic systems. The results of the numerical simulations and the wind tunnel tests indicate the same trends and critical velocities.     

实施课程综合化的思考

本文以职业教育观为理论基础，分析部分职业教育课程中存在的问题。提出了课程综合化的概念及实施课程综合化的意义。详细阐述实施课程综合化的方法、步骤，为课程内容改革指明了方向。     

Development and testing of a statistical texture model for land cover classification of the Black Sea region with MODIS imagery

A statistical model is proposed for analysis of the texture of land cover types for global and regional land cover classification by using texture features extracted by multiresolution image analysis techniques. It consists of four novel indices representing second-order texture, which are calculated after wavelet decomposition of an image and after texture extraction by a new approach that makes use of a four-pixel texture unit. The model was applied to four satellite images of the Black Sea region, obtained by Terra/MODIS and Aqua/MODIS at different spatial resolution. In single texture classification experiments, we used 15 subimages (50 × 50 pixels) of the selected classes of land covers that are present in the satellite images studied. These subimages were subjected to one-level and two-level decompositions by using orthonormal spline and Gabor-like spline wavelets. The texture indices were calculated and used as feature vectors in the supervised classification system with neural networks. The testing of the model was based on the use of two kinds of widely accepted statistical texture quantities: five texture features determined by the co-occurrence matrix (angular second moment, contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment, entropy), and four statistical texture features determined after the wavelet transformation (mean, standard deviation, energy, entropy). The supervised neural network classification was performed and the discrimination ability of the proposed texture indices was found comparable with that for the sets of five GLCM texture features and four wavelet-based texture features. The results obtained from the neural network classifier showed that the proposed texture model yielded an accuracy of 92.86% on average after orthonormal wavelet decomposition and 100% after Gabor-like wavelet decomposition for texture classification of the examined land cover types on satellite images.     

聚四氢呋喃-聚丁二烯-聚四氢呋喃三嵌段共聚物的合成与力学性能

以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)为引发剂,三氟化硼乙醚络合物为催化剂,环氧丙烷为促开环剂,通过四氢呋喃的阳离子开环聚合反应,制备出聚四氢呋喃-聚丁二烯-聚四氢呋喃三嵌段共聚物(PTHF-PB-PTHF)。采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱、凝胶渗透色谱-激光光散射联用技术,对目标化合物的结构进行了表征。采用相对分子质量为8 066 g/mol的PTHF-PB-PTHF与甲苯二异氰酸酯反应制备了交联弹性体,应力-应变试验显示,在相同交联密度下,PTHF-PB-PTHF交联弹性体的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率较纯HTPB交联弹性体分别提高了16%及19%。动态热机械性能分析表明,PTHF-PBPTHF交联弹性体具有优异的粘弹性能,其玻璃化转变温度为-55.99℃,低于HTPB交联弹性体。     

Multi Objective Robust Active Vibration Control for Flexure Jointed Struts of Stewart Platforms via H∞ and μ Synthesis

Active vibration control is needed for future space telescopes, space laser communication and other precision sensitive payloads which require ultra-quiet environments. A Stewart platform based hybrid isolator with 6 hybrid struts is the effective system for active/passive vibration isolation over 5-250 Hz band. Using an identification transfer matrix of the Stewart platform, the coupling analysis of six channels is provided. A dynamics model is derived, and the rigid mode is removed to keep the signal of pointing control. Multi objective robust H∞ and μ synthesis strategies, based on singular values and structured singular values respectively, are presented, which simultaneously satisfy the low frequency pointing and high frequency disturbance rejection requirements and take account of the model uncertainty, parametric uncertainty and sensor noise. Then, by performing robust stability test, it is shown that the two controllers are robust to the uncertainties, the robust stability margin of H, controller is less than that of μ controller, but the order of μ controller is higher than that of H, controller, so the balanced controller reduction is provided. Additionally, the μ controller is compared with a PI controller. The time domain simulation of the μ controller indicates that the two robust control strategies are effective for keeping the pointing command and isolating the harmonic and stochastic disturbances.