一种解决经验模态分解端点效应的边界延拓法

用于电子设备或系统辐射发射趋势预测的数据大多呈现非线性、样本量小的特点,这大大增加了预测建模的难度,而经验模态分解(EMD)可以将非线性、非平稳的数据分解成若干个呈现一定周期性的本征模态函数(IMF),并且EMD具有完备性和正交性,可通过分别对分解得到的IMF分量建模,从而完成对原始数据的建模。但EMD被端点效应问题所困扰,为了提高EMD的分解精度,针对分解过程中的端点效应问题,以及辐射发射趋势预测的时间序列数据样本量小的特点,利用建立灰色均值GM(1,1)预测模型所需数据量小的优点,提出了一种基于灰色均值GM(1,1)预测模型的边界延拓方法,在原始数据两端各拓展一个极大值和一个极小值,对原始数据进行边界延拓,从而抑制EMD的端点效应。仿真对比结果表明:该方法在分解层数和平均相对误差方面均优于未经延拓处理的EMD,且对数据样本量要求不高。     

航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别

针对当前航天器研制中日益突出的单粒子防护量化设计问题,分析了单粒子软错误对航天器影响的特征,建立了评估器件或设备单粒子软错误对航天器影响的危害时间模型,给出了航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别方法和步骤,为改进航天器单粒子防护设计提供了客观依据。     

带中介轴承的双转子系统振动耦合作用评估

为了评估中介轴承对双转子系统的振动耦合作用,从临界转速位置振型变化、临界转速变化、模态振型与稳态不平衡响应的应变能分布变化、中介轴承受力变化等多角度,阐释双转子耦合振动的表现形式和关联关系,提出了相应的评价指标或评估方法,并以典型燃气涡轮发动机双转子系统为对象,进行了分析评估。结果表明,单转子的模态振型可能在双转子模态振型中表现为3种形式,一一对应出现、重复出现或耦合出现,对应的临界转速及应变能分布也会随之产生相应的变化;中介轴承受力在临界转速位置出现峰值,而应变能分布变化最大的转速位置与系统临界转速位置不一致,同时还受不平衡激励位置影响;各单元应变能占比变化量随转速变化曲线可详细分析特定不平衡激励下系统应变能分布变化情况。所提方法可为双转子-中介轴承系统的设计、故障诊断提供参考。     

Scaling effects on combustion modes in a single-side expansion kerosene-fueled scramjet combustor

The combustion modes in two different scramjet combustors with the mass flow rates of 1.8 kg/s and 3.6 kg/s are experimentally investigated to explore the scaling effects on supersonic combustion with a Mach number 2.0 inflow. It is found that the scramjet combustor with a larger scale can broaden the flame rich blowout limit. As the Equivalence Ratio (ER) increases, the combustion in the small-scale combustor maintains in the cavity-stabilized mode, and the flamebase moves downstream along the cavity shear layer; however, the combustion in the large-scale combustor gradually transfers from the cavity-stabilized mode to the jet-wake-stabilized mode. The differences in the cavity residence time, the ignition delay time and the Damkohler number caused by different scales of the scramjet combustor are likely to account for the scaling effects on the combustion modes.     

考虑杆臂效应与挠曲变形的全自动着舰技术

联合精确进近和着陆系统（JPALS）舰载组件旨在为最终进近阶段的舰载机提供自动着舰能力。针对由于舰船杆臂效应与挠曲变形的存在导致舰载机着舰定位精度下降的问题,开发了一种基于卫星引导的全自动着舰非线性化参数误差模型,结合舰船甲板运动及舰载机纵向飞行控制模型,评估舰船结构挠曲和姿态不确定性对着舰落点精度的影响。结果表明,杆臂效应与挠曲变形对着舰落点精度有显著影响,利用建立的误差模型以及飞行控制模型,能够将着舰落点精度有效控制在着舰标准之内。     

基于SIMP法的周期性传热材料拓扑优化

为了实现基于宏观热传导条件的周期性材料微结构设计,建立了基于固体各向同性材料惩罚法的周期性结构拓扑优化模型.模型以体积比为约束,散热弱度最小为优化目标.为了满足周期性约束,将设计域划分为若干相同子区域,并重新分配散热弱度.基于偏微分方程的图像处理方式可以有效地消除棋盘格和网格依赖性现象.讨论并分析了不同子区域个数及不同载荷工况对拓扑优化构型的影响.数值实验结果表明:周期性结构的建模方式可以实现基于宏观稳态热传导条件的周期性材料微结构设计.子区域个数不同时,优化得到不同的微结构构型,这反映了尺寸效应对材料设计的影响.当子区域个数不断增加时,优化结果逐渐趋向收敛于均匀化方法对应的极限值.      

Enhanced electrothermal effect of carbon fibrous composites decorated with high conductive carbon nanotube webs

Literature has demonstrated that Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) can greatly enhance the electrical conductivity and matrix-dominated mechanical properties of fibrous composites. However, electrothermal coupling effect of CNTs on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) has scarcely been considered. This work prepared and introduced thin and porous CNT webs to the surface or/and interface of a CFRP to enhance its electrothermal properties. The results show that CNT webs can enhance the transverse electrical conductivities of the CFRP by 231%−519% in a current range of 50–150 mA, when compared to the base-CFRP. Also, the surface temperature of CNT webs decorated CFRP can be improved by 20.5–32.3 °C within 3 min showing a self-heating rate of 6.8–10.8 °C/min just with an applied voltage of 20–30 V, increased by 152%−177% when compared to the base-CFRP (2.7–3.9 °C/min). Also, deicing can be finished within 4–10 min with a voltage of 18 V and an input power of 246 W/m². Moreover, the electrothermal processes nearly have no negative effect on the mechanical properties of the CFRP. The relatively low input power and short response time for deicing make the CNT webs decorated CFRP may be a potential new generation for aeronautical deicing structure.     

Diagnostic and modelling investigation on the ion acceleration and plasma throttling effects in a dual-emitter hollow cathode micro-thruster

Hollow cathode discharges are widely used as neutralizers for the electric propulsion systems and recently developed into micro-thrusters for the small satellites. In this work, a dual-emitter hollow cathode thruster is developed, which can be operated in two different modes—the neutralizer mode and the micro-thruster mode. For characterizing this kind of new device, the Langmuir probe, Faraday probe, and retarding potential analyzer are used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, ion flux, and ion energy distribution function. The operating parameters, including the thrust, and specific impulse, are also measured. A two-dimensional self-consistent extended fluid model is employed to calculate the spatial distribution of plasma parameters and the fluid field of electrons in the region around the emitters. By comparing the diagnostic and modelling results, it is found that the change in the electric field and ionization zone is the essential reason for the different performances of the device in the neutralizer and micro-thruster modes. Variation in the electric field leads to an ion acceleration effect in the micro-thruster mode; moving of the ionization zone raises the plasma pressure in the orifice region of the hollow cathode, and thus leads to enhanced plasma throttling and gas expanding effects. By analyzing the above mechanisms, the possible methods for improving this kind of hollow cathode micro-thruster are discussed.     

低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落物种多样性的产生和维持机制

空间站微生物严重滋生现象表明：在低剂量电离辐射（Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation,LDIR）环境下,微生物群落物种多样性水平大大增加,其机制目前尚不清楚。在前期调查和具体实验观测的基础上,本研究首次提出LDIR能够使微生物群落中的物种产生不同程度的生长延迟效应,从而减小了物种之间的竞争排斥,诱导并维持了微生物群落的物种多样性。本研究基于经典的Lotka-Volterra竞争模型,将生长延迟时间环节引入其中,得到LDIR下微生物群落的演替模型,在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行大规模的计算机仿真实验,获得LDIR下微生物多样性产生和维持的动力学机制,得到结果可为认识低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落的演替过程提供科学的理论依据。     

永磁同步电机永磁体分块对涡流损耗的影响分析

逆变器供电的永磁同步电机(PMSM)中电子器件的高频开关会产生高频的电流时间谐波,进而引起永磁体涡流损耗的显著增加。给出了一种考虑电流时间谐波的永磁体涡流损耗计算的解析式,详细分析了永磁体尺寸和透入深度与涡流损耗之间的关系,并通过一个理想的3D模型进行验证。以1台逆变器供电的48槽8极PMSM为例进行涡流损耗仿真计算,结果表明:永磁体合理的分块数可以有效减少涡流损耗。