Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

A Novel Onboard-gateway-based Mechanism to Improve TCP Performance in Aeronautical Satellite Networks

The IP-based networks on aircraft serve to support Internet services via satellites. However, in aeronautical satellite hybrid net- works,the TCP protocol performance often deteriorates due to improper decreases and slow recovery of the congestion window. This paper proposes a window size determination and notification mechanism, onboard-gateway-based mechanism (OGBM), which is based on the onboard gateway in the networks on aircraft. A cross-layer approach is adopted by the onboard gateway to obtain the satellite link bandwidth information. And then, by the gateway, through changing the receiver’s advertised window field in ACK packets, TCP sources are notified of the window size of each TCP source calculated on the ground of bandwidth delay product and flow numbers. The mechanism is able to avoid improper changes of TCP window and serve multiple users. Simulation results show that the mechanism with the fairness index close to 1 improves TCP performance in aeronautical satellite networks.     

简化微小液滴在超声速气流横向喷射中的运动探索

从研究超声速气流中简化液滴(刚性小球)的气动力着手,比较分析使用CFD方法与使用两相流理论中已有的颗粒阻力系数模型得到的简化液滴气动力结果,得出Charles B.Henderson给出的阻力系数经验关系式适用于计算简化液滴在超声速气流中的运动。进一步,对不同直径简化液滴的运动开展工程方法的计算。在来流Ma=2.7的二维平板超声速流场中选取一个截面,作为气相流场,结果显示:(1)简化液滴与主气流存在相对超声速运动,当简化液滴直径dk≤0.12mm时,纵向相对超声速运动区域约为0.15m~0.4m,当dk0.12mm时,作用区域明显增大;(2)以10m/s喷射出的简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.004m/1m~0.021m/1m;(3)以100m/s的速度喷射出的30~120μm直径简化液滴,其横向穿透深度与纵向运动距离比约为0.02m/1m~0.055m/1m,实际过程中,小尺寸简化液滴的汽化很快,其穿透深度很小。     

Laves相Nb-Cr合金的真空烧结

研究了真空烧结参数及机械合金化对Laves相Nb-Cr合金致密度的影响,结果表明球磨后粉末烧结试样的致密度增加率是未球磨粉末烧结试样的3~5倍;当烧结温度增加、烧结时间延长,Laves相NbCr2的合成更为充分,试样致密度增加。     

基于相空间重构的网络流量RBF神经网络预测

应用混沌理论，分析了网络流量，用单变量的网络流量时闯序列重构与网络动力系统等距同构的相空间，进而计算了实际网络的关维数和Lyapunov指数，并证实了网络流量存在混沌特性；据此建立了基于径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的模型，并对实际网络数据流进行了预测。仿真结果表明，相对于其他前馈神经网络预测，基于混沌理论的RBF神经网络预测方法学习速度快，预测精度高。     

PDPA技术在圆管射流测量中的应用

采用激光相位多普勒技术（ＰＤＰＡ）和传统热线对圆管射流进行试验研究,试验结果表明：ＰＤＰＡ技术具有精度高、动态响应快、不干扰流场等特点;自由剪切湍流的扩展率ｄｙｃ／ｄｘ＝０．０８０１,完全自模拟特性区在ｘ／Ｄ＞８。     

基于四元数方法的GPS航姿解算

应用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差测量来确定载体的航向和姿态需要解决两个主要问题：模糊度的确定和航姿算法。本文提出了ＧＰＳ航姿解算的四元数方法,直接利用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差 算姿态四元数,从而保证了姿态矩阵的正交性能。     

应用约束条件快速解算整周模糊度

ＧＰＳ载波相位测量用于解算载体的航向和姿态时必需解决的问题之一就是整周模糊度的确定。近年来提出了多种模糊度的解算法方法,但对ＧＰＳ航姿系统来说,若能利用固有的约束条件则会使模糊度问题变得简单且快速有效。在详细分析了几种约束条件的基础上,文中探讨了如何合理 这些约束条件来减小模糊度的搜索范围,以加快模糊度的解算速度,并对检验方法作了改进。通过仿真结果对文中方法进行了检验。     

共析钢的相变超塑性扩散连接

根据高温扩散和空洞蠕变闭合理论，在恒温超塑性扩散连接基础上建立相变超塑性扩散连接数学模型，可确定各工艺参数，诸如循环上限温度、压力、循环次数以及升、降温速率等对连接的影响，作为选择合适工艺参数的依据。经过对T8共析钢相变超塑性扩散连接试验研究，证明该理论模型与试验结果吻合较好。     

基于特征参数的吸气式高超声速飞行器上升段轨迹优化

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器上升段轨迹优化问题,提出并研究了基于特征参数的轨迹优化方法。首先,建立了吸气式高超声速飞行器动力学模型,给出了气动力和推力模型。根据上升段轨迹特性,建立了基于指数函数和多项式的控制变量的取值模型。该模型取决于若干特征参数,从而将一个求解泛函的最优控制问题转化为求解特征参数的非线性规划问题,并采用序列二次规划算法求解。针对初值敏感性,提出了基于遗传算法的初值选取方法,以及基于物理意义的手动选取方法。