ZrB2 改性C/ C-SiC 复合材料性能研究

采用碳纤维复合网胎针刺预制体,通过溶液浸渍工艺制备了碳纤维增强C/C-SiC和C/C-SiC-ZrB2陶瓷基复合材料,并对材料的力学、热物理和烧蚀性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料的面内弯曲强度、厚度方向的压缩强度、层间剪切强度分别为199、274和19.3 MPa,各性能均低于对应的针刺C/C-SiC复合材料。针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2材料与针刺C/C-SiC材料相比,热导率得到大幅度提高,而线胀系数略微有所降低。2 500 K、600 s风洞试验后,针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料表现出良好的抗氧化烧蚀性能,质量烧蚀率约0.4×10-4g/s。     

Wave-like perturbations in the ionospheric F2-layer observed after the Ms8.1 Samoa earthquake of September 29, 2009

A study of the critical frequency foF2 variations after the large earthquake (M_s = 8.1) which occurred on 29 September, 2009 in the region of Samoa Islands in the Pacific Ocean is carried out using data of the ionospheric station of Kwajalein. The epicenter of the earthquake was located at about 184 km southwest from Apia (the capital of West Samoa). It was found that wave-like perturbations of foF2 were observed for ∼3 h above the station (located approximately 3560 km northwest from the epicenter). The amplitude of the disturbance was as large as ∼20% of the average magnetic quiet day foF2 values. A comparison of the observed perturbations of foF2 with the ones detected at Stanford ionospheric station after the Alaska earthquake of 28 March 1964 (M_s = 8.4) showed a close similarity of the wave-like perturbations of foF2 in both cases.     

A different method to update monthly median hmF2 values

The height, h_mF2, and the electron density, N_mF2, of the F2 peak are key model parameters to characterize the actual state of the ionosphere. These parameters, or alternatively the propagation factor, M3000F2, and the critical frequency, f_oF2, of the F2 peak, which are related to h_mF2 and N_mF2, are used to anchor the electron density vertical profile computed with different models such as the International Reference Ionosphere ( Bilitza, 2002), as well as for radio propagation forecast purposes. Long time series of these parameters only exist in an inhomogeneous distribution of points over the surface of Earth, where dedicated instruments (typically ionosondes) have been working for many years. A commonly used procedure for representing median values of the aforementioned parameters all over the globe is the one recommended by the ITU-R ( ITU-R, 1997). This procedure, known as the Jones and Gallet mapping technique, was based on ionosondes measurements gathered from 1954 to 1958 by a global network of around 150 ionospheric stations (  and ). Even though several decades have passed since the development of that innovative work, only few efforts have been dedicated to establish a new mapping technique for computing h_mF2 and N_mF2 median values at global scale or to improve the old method using the increased observational database. Therefore, in this work three different procedures to describe the daily and global behavior of the height of the F2 peak are presented. All of them represent a different and simplified method to estimate h_mF2 and are based on different mathematical expressions. The advantages and disadvantages of these three techniques are analyzed, leading to the conclusion that the recommended procedure to represent h_mF2 is best characterized by a Spherical Harmonics expansion of degree and order equal to 15, since the differences between the h_mF2 values obtained with the Jones and Gallet technique and those obtained using the abovementioned procedure are of only 1%.     

含泡沫镍中间层陶瓷/不锈钢接头微观组织和性能

连接温度850℃,保温时间60 min,用泡沫镍金属作为中间层真空钎焊Al₂O₃陶瓷与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）分析钎焊接头的微观组织,利用剪切实验检测接头的力学性能。实验结果表明,不添加中间层时,接头平均剪切强度只有7.7 MPa,断裂位置发生在陶瓷侧;添加泡沫镍中间层时,接头平均剪切强度达到101.7 MPa,断裂位置发生在陶瓷与泡沫镍金属连接界面处。不添加中间层时,Ti元素主要分布在钎料与陶瓷以及钎料与不锈钢反应界面处;添加中间层后钎焊接头中Ti元素主要分布在中间层,与Ni元素形成TiNi₃,Ag、Cu和Ti元素分布更加均匀。      

GPS derived TEC and foF2 variability at an equatorial station and the performance of IRI-model

The ionosphere induces a time delay in transionospheric radio signals such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. The Total Electron Content (TEC) is a key parameter in the mitigation of ionospheric effects on transionospheric signals. The delay in GPS signal induced by the ionosphere is proportional to TEC along the path from the GPS satellite to a receiver. The diurnal monthly and seasonal variations of ionospheric electron content were studied during the year 2010, a year of extreme solar minimum (F10.7 = 81 solar flux unit), with data from the GPS receiver and the Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS) collocated at Ilorin (Geog. Lat. 8.50°N, Long. 4.50°E, dip −7.9°). The diurnal monthly variation shows steady increases in TEC and F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) from pre-dawn minimum to afternoon maximum and then decreases after sunset. TEC show significant seasonal variation during the daytime between 0900 and 1900 UT (LT = UT + 1 h) with a maximum during the March equinox (about 35 TECU) and minimum during the June solstice (about 24 TECU). The GPS-TEC and foF2 values reveal a weak seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry during the daytime. The variations observed find their explanations in the amount of solar radiation and neutral gas composition. The measured TEC and foF2 values were compared with last two versions of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007 and IRI-2012) model predictions using the NeQuick and CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) options respectively in the model. In general, the two models give foF2 close to the experimental values, whereas significant discrepancies are found in the predictions of TEC from the models especially during the daytime. The error in height dependent thickness parameter, daytime underestimation of equatorial drift and contributions of electrons from altitudes above 2000 km have been suggested as the possible causes.     

基于L2范数最小化联合模型的目标跟踪算法

为了解决稀疏表示的跟踪算法的计算代价比较大,且目标的表观由于多种原因会发生变化的问题,提出了一种在贝叶斯推理框架下,建立结合基于全局模板的判别式模型和基于局部描述子的生成式模型的联合模型,通过L2范数最小化进行求解的目标跟踪方法.在跟踪过程中,适时地更新判别式模型中的正负模板和生成式模型中模板的系数向量,使模板具有很强的适应性和判别性.实验结果表明,与其他典型的算法相比,该算法对于光照变化、尺度变化、遮挡、旋转等情况具有较强的鲁棒性.      

利用神经网络预报中国地区电离层f0F2

利用神经网络技术并考虑太阳和地磁活动对电离层的影响,提出了一种提前5 h预报中国地区电离层临界频率f0F2的方法.网络输入包括时间、季节、地理纬度、太阳天顶角、最近一天的12个观测值(F-23,F-22,F-21,F-20,F-19,F-18,F-5,F-4,F-3,F-2,F-1,F0)和前30天滑动平均值(A-24,A-23,A-22,A-4,A-3A-2,A-1,A0),网络输出分别为未来5 h的f0F2值F+1,F+2,F+3,F+4,F+5.选取乌鲁木齐、长春、重庆和广州站1958-1968年间的数据训练网络,利用中国9个电离层站的历史数据检验网络,根据均方根误差衡量网络性能的好坏.结果表明,神经网络的预报结果能较好地符合实测数据.这说明利用神经网络实现中国地区电离层f0F2的时空预报是可行的.     

基于柔性铰链的二自由度微动平台分析及优化

为改进微动平台的动态特性,提出了一种解耦的基于柔性铰链的二自由度微动平台。首先,综合考虑倒圆角直梁型柔性铰链与微动平台的结构特点,设计了一种新型的二自由度微动平台; 其次,推导了该微动平台的等效刚度计算模型,并通过理论计算与有限元仿真分析对比,验证了理论模型的正确性; 同时探讨了各结构参数对微动平台等效刚度的影响,并进行了灵敏度对比和分析; 再次,以提高二自由度微动平台的等效刚度为目标,建立了其优化设计模型,并采用自适应粒子群优化算法对该微动平台的主要结构参数进行了优化。最后,理论计算了该微动平台的固有频率,并通过有限元仿真分析验证了其正确性。上述分析证明了该机构的可行性及有效性。      

W掺杂对TiO2中氧空位形成能的影响

为研究Ti合金中常用的基体强化元素W对合金抗氧化性的作用,利用第一性原理方法计算了W掺杂对Ti合金氧化产物金红石TiO₂中氧空位形成能的影响。计算发现,W可以显著增大其近邻位置的氧空位的形成能,使其增大将近0.7 eV,这将有效抑制氧空位的产生以及环境中氧的渗透,对Ti合金的抗氧化性是有益的。同时研究了2个氧空位组成的不同构型的空位对,发现W同样可以增大氧空位对的形成能,但增加的数值平均到每个氧空位只有0.2 eV,即随着氧化的加剧和氧空位浓度的增加,W对抗氧化性能提高的效果减弱。电子态密度分析表明,对于不同构型的氧空位对,体系内的未配对电子分布在不同的能级水平,这导致了不同的空位形成能。     

星载微波设备低气压放电及其防范

介绍了星载微波设备低气压放电和微放电的机理,以及两种放电试验的异同点.针对风云二号(FY-2)气象卫星微波旋转关节地面试验中发生的低气压放电,通过理论计算和模拟试验验证,确定其产生原因为多余物诱发放电.提出了设计、工艺控制和试验验证等防止低气压放电产生的措施.实践表明,低气压放电、微放电的机理和环境条件各异,两种试验不具互换性.