Stability of the seasonal variations in diurnal and semidiurnal components of mid-latitude F2 layer parameters

We report work utilizing 15-min resolution ionospheric data obtained with DPS-4 digisonde in 2003–2011 to study the seasonal variations in amplitudes and phases of the most powerful spectral components of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and peak height (hmF2) fluctuations over Irkutsk (52.5°N, 104.0°E). We show that fluctuations of both parameters contain quasi-harmonic components with periods of T_n = 24/n h (n = 1–7). The number of distinct spectral peaks varies from 3 in summer to 7 in winter. Amplitude and phase characteristics of the diurnal (n = 1) and semidiurnal (n = 2) components is studied using the data sets extracted from the original data sets with band-pass filter. It has been found that the amplitudes of diurnal/semidiurnal foF2 and diurnal hmF2 components are maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Amplitudes of the diurnal components vary gradually; those of the foF2 semidiurnal one, abruptly, thus forming a narrow winter maximum in November–January. The phase (local time of maximum) of the diurnal foF2 component increases gradually by 4–6 h from winter to summer. The phase of the semidiurnal foF2 component is nearly stable in winter/summer and sharply decreases (increases) by 2–3 h near the spring (autumn) equinox. The phase of the diurnal component of hmF2 (local time of minimum) varies slightly between 1130 and 1300 LT; that of the semidiurnal one decreases (increases) by 4–6 h from January to March (from September to November). The results obtained show that the main features of seasonal variations in the diurnal and semidiurnal components of the mid-latitude F2 layer parameters recur consistently during the solar activity growth and decline phases.     

2009年1月平流层爆发性增温期间全球电离层响应的研究

2009年1月平流层爆发性增温(Stratospheric Sudden Warming, SSW)事件是有记录以来最强、持续时间最长的一次主增温事件(Major Warming Event, MWE), 期间太阳活动和地磁活动均处于较低的水平, 因此非常有利于研究电离层对平流层增温事件的响应情况. 本文利用COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate)系统提供的掩星数据, 使用Kriging方法分别构建了此次SSW期间及平静期的电离层N_mF₂, h_mF₂和110～750km高度范围的垂直积分TEC (简称VTEC)地图, 同时从全球定位导航卫星系统服务组织(International GNSS Service, IGS)发布的全球电离层TEC地图(Global Ionospheric Maps, GIMs)中提取了日固坐标系(Sun-fixed, 地磁纬度和地方时)下全球TEC地图. 通过对比发现, SSW期间与平静期相比, 地磁纬度中低纬电离层参数存在早晨上升, 下午和夜间下降的现象. 利用OSTM/JASON-2卫星高度计观测值进行验证后的结果显示, 此前研究均未有提及的夜间时段电离层参数N_mF₂, h_mF₂和TEC (VTEC和IGS TEC)的下降现象的确存在.      

Ionospheric disturbances on 8 September, 2010: Was it connected with the incoming moderate Chongqing earthquake?

Earthquake prediction stimulates the searches for a correlation between seismic activity and ionospheric anomalies. Contrary to common focuses on strong earthquakes, we report the ionospheric disturbances, 2 days before a moderate Ms = 4.7 Chongqing earthquake (29.4°N, 105.5°E, depth = 7.0 km, occurred at 21:21 LT, 10 September, 2010) with the data of ground-based ionosondes and IGS receivers. The data covering the period under the quiet geomagnetic conditions and a geomagnetic storm was analyzed with upper and lower bounds. It is found that there were significant enhancements of foF2 and total electron content (TEC) on the afternoon of 8 September, 2010, with a limited area close to the epicentre, which was different from the feature of ionospheric perturbations triggered by the geomagnetic storm on 15 September. Taking into account the heliogeomagnetical condition, we conclude that the observed ionospheric enhancements were very likely associated with the forthcoming moderate Chongqing earthquake, which implies that the relationship between the amplitudes of ionospheric disturbances and earthquakes is very complicated.     

A demonstration of the potential of Cryosat-2 to contribute to mesoscale observation

Cryosat-2 was designed for its primary scientific objectives, i.e. for cryosphere science. As far as oceanography is concerned, various mission design choices make it less accurate than missions designed to comply with ocean surface topography requirements such as Jason-2 or ENVISAT. Cryosat-2-specific errors are equivalent to more than 50% of the sea surface height variability over 40% of the oceans. Cryosat-2’s sampling pattern is also suboptimal for mesoscale observation because the satellite tracks from any consecutive period of 2 to 20 days (e.g. the most recent and most valuable data for near real time mesoscale observation) are aggregated in 500 km wide bands which are interleaved with 500 km wide observation gaps.     

Preliminary characterization of carbon dioxide transfer in a hollow fiber membrane module as a possible solution for gas–liquid transfer in microgravity conditions

In microgravity, one of the major challenge encountered in biological life support systems (BLSS) is the gas–liquid transfer with, for instance, the necessity to provide CO₂ (carbon source, pH control) and to recover the evolved O₂ in photobioreactors used as atmosphere bioregenerative systems.     

MPEG2传输流协议分析及其在机载DVR中的应用

机载视频记录仪(DVR)是记录飞机视频信息的专用设备,用于完成对平显、下显、飞行员操作画面等多路视频信息的记录。分析了MPEG2系统层规定的传输流(TS)的码流格式,探讨了其在DVR中的应用的可能性及其优点。     

NASA大型民用倾转旋翼机进展研究

倾转旋翼机是一种结合固定翼飞机和旋翼飞机双重优势的新型飞机,它具有速度快、油耗低、垂直起降等特点。在波音和贝尔公司联合研制的军用倾转旋翼机取得成功后,NASA试图在相关技术的基础上研制出一种90座、航程约为1200nmile、速度约为600km/h的新型先进民用倾转旋翼支线飞机,进而取代现役固定翼支线飞机。通过系统地搜集和科学地分析,明晰了NASA大型民用倾转旋翼机项目的内容、进展、风险和影响并对ARJ21支线项目提出早期预警。     

多目标非脆弱鲁棒控制器在飞行控制系统中的应用

针对飞行控制系统中存在的多种不确定性,提出了飞行控制系统的多目标非脆弱鲁棒控制器的控制方法。由系统的H2性能、H∞性能、区域极点配置和保性能控制四种控制目标,用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)法导出多目标鲁棒状态反馈控制器的存在条件,同时考虑了飞行控制系统中控制器增益的加性摄动,设计的控制器实现了系统的四种性能指标优化。仿真实验结果表明:该控制方法有较强的鲁棒性。     

近地卫星编队构形保持方法

针对J2摄动和大气摄动导致低轨编队卫星构型破坏的情况,基于高斯摄动方程给出了以平均轨道根数为被控制量的脉冲控制模型。利用法向脉冲调整轨道倾角和升交点赤经偏差,在轨道上2个位置施加径向和切向脉冲调整其余轨道根数偏差从而修正卫星编队构形。最后通过数值仿真验证了算法的简单性、有效性。     

空间互联网应用的三层交换技术探讨及软实现

三层交换技术是运用现有路由技术和交换技术两者的优势,并将其有机地结合,很好地解决了网络路由器的瓶颈问题。文章提出基于Linux操作系统实现纯软件三层交换机,通过Linux网桥实现二层交换,使用开源软件Zebra进行三层路由,并且将二者有机地结合,使其实现＂一次路由,多次交换＂。最后,对软三层交换机的连通性及传输速率进行了实验验证与详细分析。