GPS-only gravity field recovery with GOCE,CHAMP, and GRACE

Gravity missions such as the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD), instrument time-tagging, and the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. The very low orbital altitude of the GOCE satellite and the availability of dense 1 s GPS tracking data are ideal characteristics to exploit the contribution of GPS high-low Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (hl-SST) to gravity field determination. We present gravity field solutions based on about 8 months of GOCE GPS hl-SST data from 2009 and compare the results with those obtained from the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) missions. The very low orbital altitude of GOCE significantly improves gravity field recovery from GPS hl-SST data above degree 20, but not for the degrees below 20, where the quality of the spherical harmonic coefficients remains essentially unchanged. Despite the limited time span of GOCE data used, the gravity field of the Earth can be resolved up to about degree 115 using GPS data only. Empirically determined phase center variations (PCVs) of the GOCE onboard GPS helix antenna are, however, mandatory to achieve this performance.     

Impact of covariance information of kinematic positions on orbit reconstruction and gravity field recovery

Gravity missions are equipped with onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers for precise orbit determination (POD) and for the extraction of the long wavelength part of the Earth’s gravity field. As positions of low Earth orbiters (LEOs) may be determined from GPS measurements at each observation epoch by geometric means only, it is attractive to derive such kinematic positions in a first step and to use them in a second step as pseudo-observations for gravity field determination. The drawback of not directly using the original GPS measurements is, however, that kinematic positions are correlated due to the ambiguities in the GPS carrier phase observations, which in principle requires covariance information be taken into account. We use GRACE data to show that dynamic or reduced-dynamic orbit parameters are not optimally reconstructed from kinematic positions when only taking epoch-wise covariance information into account, but that essentially the same orbit quality can be achieved as when directly using the GPS measurements, if correlations in time are taken into account over sufficiently long intervals. For orbit reconstruction covariances have to be considered up to one revolution period to avoid ambiguity-induced variations of kinematic positions being erroneously interpreted as orbital variations. For gravity field recovery the advantage is, however, not very pronounced.     

S形进气道流路造型方法及其对性能影响的研究

根据S形进气道的几何边界条件,提出了一种基于多项式的中心线及面积分布率曲线的流路造型方法。选择不同的拐点位置,采用该方法构造了9条具有代表性的中心线及面积分布率方程。组合不同的中心线和面积分布率曲线建立了相应的S形进气道的几何造型,并采用三维N-S方程进行求解,得到了总压恢复系数和DC60等性能指标。分析计算结果表明,中心线对S形进气道总压恢复和出口动压起着主要影响,随着中心线方程拐点位置后移,S形进气道总压恢复系数和出口动压呈明显增加趋势;中心线和面积分布率组合共同影响着DC60指标,当中心线拐点过于靠近进气道进口而面积分布率曲线拐点靠近进气道出口时,进气道下游的涡将会发展到出口,从而大幅度影响DC60指标。     

二元超声速进气道流管压缩量特性与应用初步研究

为研究流管压缩程度与超声速进气道临界总压恢复系数的规律,以双楔外压式进气道为例,对不同来流马赫数、多种方案进行实例研究。研究马赫数范围为2.0至4.0,各种压缩方案涉及宽泛的总转折角范围和多种楔角组合方式。研究结果表明,就通常设计中常用的压缩方案范围而言,临界总压恢复系数与流管收缩比呈明显的正相关变化规律,并在一定的范围内两者呈近似线性关系,基于流管收缩比可实现对临界总压恢复系数大小的近似判断。      

无人机伞降回收过程动力学建模与仿真

文章以无人机的降落伞回收系统为研究对象,通过对伞降回收过程中各阶段动力学特性的分析,推导了便于编程实现的矢量形式降落伞-飞行器二体系统动力学模型。在此基础上,给出了利用MAT-LAB环境的面向对象和并行计算特性搭建无人机回收过程蒙特卡罗仿真环境的一种实现方案。最后,根据仿真计算的结果对某无人机在不同条件下的回收安全性、落点散布特性等进行了计算分析,为后续总体设计方案的验证、改进和优化提供了参考依据。     

无人机绳钩回收系统参数设计

以某型无人机回收方案设计研究为背景,分析影响无人机绳钩回收系统回收性能的参数,对无人机绳钩回收系统建立多目标优化模型。运用多目标遗传算法进行优化设计获得优化结果。多目标优化用于无人机绳钩回收系统参数优化,可以更加合理地评价回收系统参数最佳组合,提高设计效率。结果表明,通过改善绳钩回收系统参数,回收性能得到优化,无人机拦停时间减少,在实际回收中有一定参考价值。     

某型教练飞机尾旋特性试飞研究

为了解决某型教练机大迎角/失速/尾旋设计定型的技术难题,依据GJB3814《军用飞机失速/过失速/尾旋试飞验证要求》,开展了尾旋试飞技术研究,提出了符合军标验证要求的尾旋特性试飞方法,包括不同进入方法、不同改出方法、最佳改出方法以及改出过程中误操纵等。通过试飞发现：该飞机对偏离是敏感的,但对尾旋等过失速模态是阻抗的;该飞机存在＂过失速旋转＂、＂落叶飘＂、＂振荡正飞陡尾旋＂以及＂倒飞尾旋＂四种典型的过失速模态;＂三中立＂法可以较迅速改出发现的四种过失速模态,与失速改出方法具有同一性且不需要过多驾驶技巧,为试飞员推荐的最佳改出动作。     

亚燃冲压模型燃烧室高空负压试验

为了验证亚燃冲压燃烧室在高空负压条件下稳定工作的能力,设计了带蒸发式值班火焰稳定器与直射式喷油装置的亚燃冲压模型燃烧室,对该模型燃烧室进行了冷态流阻试验、贫油熄火边界试验以及不同截面燃烧效率试验研究。研究结果表明,试验件的冷态流阻系数略大于1,冷态总压恢复系数0.98以上;蒸发式火焰稳定器贫油熄火边界较宽;两截面燃烧效率最低相差6%,最高相差19%,在高空负压条件下,增加燃烧段长度能显著提高燃烧效率。     

辅助式GPS接收机信号发射时间恢复算法研究

当GPS接收机无法进行位同步、帧同步以及导航电文解调时, GPS接收机无法恢复卫星信号发射时间. 为解决该问题, 对基于迭代最小二乘的发射时间恢复算法进行了研究, 利用辅助GPS接收机中无线通信网络提供的卫星星历、卫星修正参数等辅助信息, 结合信号发射时间模糊度的遍历搜索, 完成了信号发射时间的恢复. 详细讨论了算法及其成立条件, 给出算法流程, 并推导出搜索因子的不同选取方案, 使该算法对接收机初始位置误差(150km)和初始时间误差(180s)没有限制. 通过仿真验证了算法的有效性.      

固体燃料冲压发动机旋流燃烧特性试验

为研究固体燃料冲压发动机旋流燃烧特性,进行了直流与旋流对比直连式试验。固体装药内径40mm,长180 mm,成分为HTPB中加入65%的金属粉末。试验发动机采用火炬式点火器点火,空气由燃烧补氧式空气加热器加热至690 K,热空气流量300 g/s。试验测量了压力、推力等参数,使用监控录像对发动机尾焰进行拍摄,通过测量试验前后装药质量差获得固体燃料平均燃速。旋流试验未将旋流器伸入燃烧室即实现了火焰稳定,且旋流燃烧比直流燃烧表现出更好的稳定性,平均燃速较直流提高近50%。旋流燃烧尾焰存在明显的径向扩张,表明尾焰仍有切向动量,损失了部分推力。