受拉螺栓表面裂纹应力强度因子的估算

本文在实验的基础上,对螺栓螺纹根部处的表面裂纹在拉一拉载荷作用下应力强度因子K进行了初步研究,通过对已有圆柱体的表面裂纹应力强度因子公式的分析、比较,采用类比的方法,推出了受拉螺栓表面裂纹应力强度因子K的表达式,并借助于实验加以验证。     

全内反射测速技术（TIRV）中界面隐失波基准光强I_0的确定

基于隐失波全内反射的测速技术TIRV（Total internal reflection velocimetry）是微纳流动中测量壁面附近几百纳米范围内速度的有效方法。隐失波的光强分布I（z）随离开壁面的高度z指数衰减。若荧光粒子位于光强分布中,其亮度也将符合此指数关系,通过测量粒子亮度可确定粒子的垂向位置z,而确定隐失波的基准光强I0是该技术的关键之一。基于粒子近壁Boltzmann浓度分布、粒子粒径不均匀性和隐失波光强公式,给出了粒子亮度概率密度分布的数值解。实验测量粒子统计亮度分布后,依据实验和理论分布相同原则可定量确定基准光强I0。采用100nm和250nm荧光粒子验证此方法并定量分析了粒径分散性对确定I0的影响。进一步采用100nm粒子进行近壁速度测量实验,结果验证了本方法的有效性。     

基于无裂纹直耳片接头接触问题的非线性分析

考虑耳片与螺栓之间配合间隙,采用Patran有限元分析软件,模拟飞机结构中典型直耳片接头的结构特征及载荷特征,对无裂纹直耳片接头进行了非线性接触分析。通过分析,计算了三种不同大小耳片孔边应力集中系数,并与理论经验公式计算得到的耳片孔边应力集中系数相比较,其结果表明,有限元计算方法合理,可为有初始裂纹耳片接头接触分析提供参考。同时,在此基础上讨论了耳片不同几何参数对其应力分布影响,也可为接头耳片的优化设计提供一定的指导。     

前缘形状对涡轮叶栅损失影响的机理

通过改变前缘几何形状来分析其在设计攻角、非设计攻角下前缘附近的流动机理.研究结果表明:在宽工况范围内椭圆型前缘表现出了较优越的性能,不但在设计攻角下能很好抑制吸力峰的强度以避免前缘分离泡的产生,而且在较宽的攻角范围内都能保证前缘附近边界层状态基本不变.当正攻角很大时,不同前缘形状前缘附近都会出现分离泡,且会诱导边界层发生转捩,但椭圆型前缘边界层开始发生转捩的攻角会向大攻角方向移动.在20°攻角下,椭圆型前缘叶型的损失相比基准叶型下降了7%左右.进口湍流度的增加不会改变吸力峰的强度但可以减弱前缘分离泡的强度.     

基于权函数法的应力强度因子计算和断裂评估

仅利用一个参考载荷,建立一种近似公式来计算共线裂纹和中心裂纹的张开位移。通过该方法确定的裂纹面张开位移及其偏导与精确解之间吻合良好。该方法将中心裂纹的权函数计算模型简化为形状因子和裂纹面张开位移偏导之间的积分。基于权函数法,研究了带中心裂纹的旋转叶片的应力强度因子与裂纹长度、位置、转速及转动加速度之间的关系。结果发现:应力强度因子随着裂纹长度的增加和裂纹与旋转轴间距的减小而增大;转动加速度对应力强度因子的影响较小;转速的增大会使应力强度因子增大。在断裂力学理论的基础上,建立了断裂控制准则,计算表明叶片的临界转速随着裂纹长度的增加而降低。     

Investigation of straightforward impedance eduction method on single-degree-of-freedom acoustic liners

In order to address the current aircraft noise problem, the knowledge of impedance of acoustic liners subjected to high-intensity sound and grazing flow is of crucial importance to the design of high-efficiency acoustic nacelles. To this end, the present study is twofold. Firstly, the StraightForward impedance eduction Method (SFM) is evaluated by the strategy that the impedance of a liner specimen is firstly experimentally educed on a flow duct using the SFM, and then its accuracy is checked by comparing the numerical prediction with the measured wall sound pressure of the flow duct. Secondly, the effects of grazing flow and high-intensity sound on the impedance behavior of two single-layer liners are investigated based on comparisons between educed impedance and predictions by three impedance models. The performance of the SFM is validated by showing that the educed impedance leads to excellent agreement between the simulation and the measured wall sound pressure for different grazing flow Mach numbers and Sound Pressure Levels (SPLs) and over a frequency range from 3000?Hz down to 500?Hz. The grazing flow effect generally has the tendency that the acoustic resistance exhibits a slight decrease before it increases linearly with an increase in Mach, predicted successfully by the sound-vortex interaction theoretical model and the Kooi semi-empirical impedance model. However, the Goodrich semi-empirical impedance model gives only a simple linear relation of acoustic resistance starting from Mach zero. Additionally, when the SPL increases from 110 to 140?dB in the present investigation, the acoustic resistance exhibits a significant increase at all frequencies in the absence of flow; however, the resistance decreases slightly under a grazing flow of Mach 0.117. It indicates that the SPL effect can be greatly inhibited when flow is present, and the grazing flow effect can be reduced partly as well at a relatively high SPL.     

基于改进粒子群算法的矢量水听器多目标方位估计

为了研究单矢量水听器多目标方位估计能力,分别利用互谱声强法、MUSIC算法及信号统计量方法对多个目标方位进行估计。互谱声强法可以估计出多个不同频的单频目标方位,但对于频谱混叠的目标无法分辨;MUSIC算法可以分辨单频和宽带目标,但利用单矢量水听器最多可估计 2个目标方位。为此,针对文章提出的信号统计量方法,构建了声压和振速的统计量模型,将其与粒子群优化算法及改进算法相结合,实现了基于改进粒子群算法的多目标方位估计。对多个单频和宽带信号目标进行仿真分析,结果表明,进粒子群算法具有良好的估计效果;对 3种方法的估计结果进行比较,验证了改进粒子群算法有较好的适用性。通过对 2022年千岛湖试验数据的处理再一次验证了算法的有效性。     

Effects of swirler position on flame response and combustion instabilities

This study is concerned with the experimental and theoretical investigation of the combustion instabilities in a premixed swirl combustor. It is focused on the effects of the swirl mixing distance on the intrinsic thermoacoustic mode. The swirler as an origin of the swirling flow is also the source of the flow disturbance, which has effects on the flame response. The location of the swirler is varied in the experiment to study the effect on combustion instabilities and flame transfer functions. ...     

Similarity phenomena of lean swirling flames at different bulk velocities with acoustic disturbances

In this study, flame responses to acoustic disturbances with different frequencies and amplitudes were experimentally investigated in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustor operating at different bulk velocities. The total heat release rate fluctuations and spatial CH* chemiluminescence distributions were captured using a photomultiplier tube and high-speed camera, respectively. The results indicate that the heat release rate exhibits a relatively drastic oscillation and high-order harmonics for low-frequency disturbances. When the bulk velocity and forcing frequency were doubled simultaneously, similar flame structures were observed in the CH* chemiluminescence distributions. As the bulk velocity increases, the gain of the Flame Describing Function (FDF) extends toward the higher frequencies, and the delay time of the flame response decreases. The similarity among FDFs at different bulk velocities was effectively captured by introducing a non-dimensional parameter, defined as the ratio of the flame response delay to the forcing time scale, to replace the dimensional forcing frequency. Furthermore, the availability of the newly defined non-dimensional parameter was verified for flames with different swirl numbers, as this played an important role in determining the flame structures and associated unsteady heat release rate.     

广义有限元法计算飞机开口裂纹应力强度因子

机身开口圆角损伤可能逐渐形成裂纹从而严重影响飞机使用安全,为此对圆角裂纹进行剩余强度估算显得十分重要。使用Williams位移场广义有限元法进行裂尖单元加强,并对裂尖区域应用放射形网格划分技术,编写广义有限元法的MATLAB程序,研究并计算飞机舱门开口圆角裂纹的应力强度因子。结果表明：在裂纹分析上,广义有限元法较常规有限元法具有更好的适应性和更高的精度。