粒子拖尾长度对高频DPIV测量误差的影响

基于连续激光源的高采样频率DPIV系统在进行曝光时可能会产生粒子拖尾现象。明渠湍流试验和数值模拟试验结果显示，粒子拖尾长度的增加会导致平均流速减小和湍流强度增大。分析表明，导致平均流速误差的原因之一是诊断窗口边缘局部粒子图像的缺失，且图像缺失程度会随着粒子拖尾长度增加而增大，从而使平均速度随粒子拖尾长度增加而减小；粒子拖尾的另一个直接后果是增大了粒子图像的有效粒径，从而导致湍流强度增大。通过增大第二个诊断窗口的尺寸，进行相关函数标准化和相关系数补偿等方法，可以消除粒子拖尾长度引起的误差。     

MSD薄板疲劳寿命预测

结合工程中应用最为广泛的Paris公式对多裂纹板的疲劳寿命进行了预计,计算结果与现有试验结果比较吻合,表明了该方法的可行性。由于力学响应的计算采用有限元方法,所以该方法适用于裂纹任意分布的多部位损伤板,可直接用于工程实际结构。     

一种等应力强度因子试件

计算了含中心裂纹的矩形板(高为2H,宽为2W)的应力强度因子。板的对称面内距离为2y_0的两点承受大小相等方向相反的一对集中力P作用。采用的分析方法是含待定常数的复应力函数与广义变分原理相结合的方法。此复应力函数精确地满足裂纹表面的边界条件,其余边界条件由广义变分原理近似地满足。 当H=2W,y_0=0.3W,a=(0.2-0.45)W(a为半裂纹长度),计算结果表明,应力强度因子近似为一个常值,它取1.938P/(πW)~(1/2),相对误差小于0.75％。 若采用上述几何尺寸的试件测试疲劳裂纹扩展常数,将可大大简化试验程序和试验数据处理工作。     

某雷达模拟器的目标与杂波信号模拟强度研究

建立了雷达模拟器中目标、地物杂波、海杂波、气象杂波的信号强度计算模型,根据相对运动关系解算出各目标与杂波信号的强度,并按时间流程存储在对应的数据表中,从而信号源将产生相应强度的信号注入雷达模拟台,以便后端雷达模拟台能在雷达威力覆盖范围内准确地显示出目标与杂波强度变化。通过仿真软件在雷达训练模拟器中的功能测试,实现了目标与杂波仿真效果,满足了雷达模拟训练的要求。     

Monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta,Vietnam using time-series MODIS data

Information on rice growing areas is important for policymakers to devise agricultural plans. This research explores the monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam (from 2001 to 2007) using time-series MODIS NDVI 250-m data. Data processing includes three steps: (1) noise is filtered from the time-series NDVI data using empirical mode decomposition (EMD); (2) endmembers are extracted from the filtered time-series data and trained in a linear mixture model (LMM) for classification of rice cropping systems; and (3) classification results are verified by comparing them with the ground-truth and statistical data. The results indicate that EMD is a good filter for noise removal from the time-series data. The classification results confirm the validity of LMM, giving an overall accuracy of 90.1% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.7. The lowest producer and user accuracies were associated with single crop rain-fed rice class due to the mixed pixel problems. A strong yearly correlation at the district level was revealed in the MODIS-derived areas (R² ? 0.9). Investigation of interannual changes in rice cropping intensity from 2001 to 2007 showed a remarkable conversion from double to triple crop irrigated rice from 2001 to 2003, especially in the Thoai Son and Phu Tan districts. A big conversion from triple crop rice back to double crop rice cultivation was also observed in Phu Tan from 2005 to 2006. These changes were verified by visual interpretation of Landsat images and examination of NDVI profiles.     

27-day variations of the galactic cosmic ray intensity and anisotropy in the minimum of the 23rd solar activity cycle

We study the 27-day variations of the solar wind velocity, galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity and anisotropy in the last minimum epoch of solar activity (2007–2009, A < 0). The average amplitude of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray anisotropy (A27A) in the current minimum epoch of solar activity (2007–2009, A < 0) is lesser than in previous positive polarity period as it is expected from the drift theory. So, polarity dependence rule for the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy is fully kept. It is a universal principle for the amplitudes of the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy. At the same time, the average amplitude of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity (A27I) remains at the same level as for previous minimum epoch 1995–1997 (A > 0) showing by the same token an violation of its polarity dependence rule established earlier. We assume that this phenomenon could be generally related with the well established 27-day variation of the solar wind velocity being in anti-correlation with the similar changes of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity. Generally, a character of the heliolongitudinal asymmetry of spatial large-scale structure of the solar wind velocity (SWV) established in the recent minimum epoch, preferentially pronounces in the behavior of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity than anisotropy. The formation of the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy preferentially takes place in a restricted disk like local vicinity in the helioequatorial region, whilst the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity is formed in the global three dimensional vicinity of the heliosphere.     

阵风发生器流场特性分析与试验验证

为了有效安排试验以及进行数据分析,需要事先获知阵风发生器扰动流场特性.基于某型叶片阵风发生装置,对影响阵风强度及其分布形态的各种因素进行了深入细致的讨论,重点分析了叶片摆角幅值、振荡频率、来流风速以及叶片侧向间距的作用.数值模拟结果显示:上述敏感参数不同程度地影响了中心线各点阵风幅值.侧向阵风速度幅值在叶片下游各截面具有相似的分布形态,且在小攻角范围与叶片摆角幅值保持线性变化.因此选定来流风速和振荡频率后,调节叶片摆角幅值较易获得期望的阵风强度.风洞试验表明:阵风发生器特性分析具有实用价值.     

广布损伤的试验研究与有限元分析

 通过对无钉载3排平行孔平板和无钉载3排交错孔平板从无裂纹开始的疲劳试验,发现应力大小对是否出现广布损伤(MSD)有重要影响,首裂孔和断裂排位不总是一一对应。在试验中观察到了MSD的竞争现象,证实了群发小裂纹也是MSD中一种重要的破坏形式。采用FRANC2D/L建立了对生裂纹、非对生裂纹和单裂纹3种开裂模式的有限元模型。计算结果表明:短裂纹扩展过程中,裂纹间干涉效应不明显,3种模式的应力强度因子增长趋势相近;而对于长裂纹,试验和有限元计算都证明了裂纹间的干涉显著地加快了裂纹的扩展。     

孔边双边凸台结构损伤容限设计及分析

本文利用有限元软件建立孔边双边凸台结构的有限元模型,根据静力分析结果确定开裂模式进行以裂纹扩展寿命为目标,凸台高宽比为变量的设计优化计算分析。研究不同凸台体积、不同孔半径下最优高宽比的变化规律。计算结果表明,存在一个最优高宽比使得凸台结构具有良好的损伤容限特性和较轻的质量,该方法具有很强的工程实用性。     

强激光对靶材烧蚀效应的数值模拟研究

强激光烧蚀是一个复杂的物理化学过程,包括质量迁移、相变、运动边界等诸多复杂因素。如果靶为复合材料,烧蚀机理更加复杂,而且很难找到共性规律,这对数值计算方法提出了较高的要求。文章介绍了强激光烧蚀的理论基础、烧蚀模型以及对强激光烧蚀进行数值模拟的无网格方法（光滑粒子动力学方法,即SPH方法）。采用了SPH方法对典型靶的激光烧蚀进行了数值模拟,并给出了单层铝靶和环氧树脂/铝双层靶在激光辐照下的烧蚀形貌与温度场。计算结果表明,在不同材料的交界面,烧蚀将沿径向发展。