Impact of loading effects on determination of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame

The International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), as a realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), is represented by a set of station positions and linear velocities. They are intended to be used as regularized coordinates to which some corrections should be added to access instantaneous coordinates. The latest ITRS realization is the ITRF2005, which has integrated time series of station positions to form long-term solutions for the four space geodetic techniques. Currently, a purely linear model is used to parameterize station displacements in the estimation process, plus occasional discontinuities in case of earthquakes or equipment changes. However the input data have been derived without applying surface loading models and so surface loading effects are supposed to be embedded in the coordinates as measured quantities. We evaluate the effect of applying a posteriori loading corrections, which include the effect of atmospheric, non-tidal ocean, and continental water loading, to time series of positions estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We notice that they reduce about 50% or more of the annual signals in the translation and scale parameter time series of the SLR and VLBI techniques, except in SLR Z translation. In general, the estimated secular frame definition is negligibly affected and estimated positions and velocities are not significantly modified for stations that have accumulated a large number of observations. A multi-technique combination of such derived frames allows concluding that, for some cases, loading model corrections might degrade co-located station coordinates almost as much as they benefit them. However, most significant improvement of the estimated secular coordinates is observed for stations with less than 100 estimated positions as demonstrated with a multi-technique combination.     

空间四面体翻滚机器人运动学分析及仿真实验

对四面体及多面体机器人的研究现状进行了分析.介绍了空间四面体翻滚机器人的结构,由6根伸缩臂和4个顶部节点平台组成,通过伸缩臂的运动可以使四面体的重心失稳,实现翻滚运动.结合四面体翻滚机器人的运动形式,给出了翻滚的临界条件,根据不同的运动阶段对四面体翻滚机器人进行了运动学分析.利用Adams虚拟样机技术对四面体翻滚机器人进行了运动学仿真,并进行了样机的实验,验证了方法的正确性.该分析结果可进一步用于空间四面体翻滚机器人的动力学分析和优化设计.     

火星探测器轨道运动建模的时空基准转换研究

火星探测的理论研究和工程实践需要一套便于描述火星探测器轨道运动的时空基准转换体系,环火星轨道的探测任务期间需要给出探测器以火星为基准的运动信息,而地面测控只能获得探测器以地球为基准的运动信息。为此,文章定义了一套新的以火星为基准的坐标系以及过渡到以地球为基准的坐标系,并给出了各坐标系转换的求解方法。最后,对以文中所提出的时空转换基准为基础建立的火星探测器轨道运动模型进行数值仿真,并将计算结果同STK进行了比较,验证了该时空转换体系的正确性。     

基于ALE流固耦合方法的刷式密封泄漏特性理论与实验研究

现有刷式密封流固耦合求解模型因刷丝变形接触导致网格畸变而难以计算。本文提出了基于ALE (Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler)流固耦合方法考虑刷丝变形接触的三维瞬态双向流固耦合求解模型,设计搭建了刷式密封泄漏特性和可观测刷丝运动轨迹的实验装置。实验研究了刷式密封刷丝运动状态对泄漏特性的影响,不同压比条件下的泄漏特性变化规律,在验证刷式密封流固耦合求解模型准确性基础上,数值分析了不同时刻刷式密封速度分布与刷丝运动状态,并研究了不同结构参数对泄漏特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:基于ALE流固耦合方法解决了传统刷式密封求解模型因刷丝变形接触导致网格畸变而难以计算的问题,可准确计算刷式密封流场特性和力学特性;刷式密封刷丝吹下效应会降低泄漏量,刷丝颤振现象主要发生在气流入口处的前排刷丝域,会引起泄漏量增大,在气流力作用下,刷丝束轴向厚度变小,有利于减小泄漏量;在本文研究条件下,刷丝固定端与自由端的中间部位最先发生变形,随着时间的变化,气流速度逐渐趋于稳定,最大速度出现在末排刷丝与后挡板接触位置,刷丝自由端变形最大;刷式密封泄漏量随径向密封间隙的增大而增大,与径向密封间隙0mm时相比,径向密封间隙0.2mm时泄漏量增加了51.6%～62.8%。随着刷丝排数的增大,泄漏量逐渐减小,当刷丝排数大于25排时,其对泄漏量影响较小。随着刷丝间隙、刷丝与后挡板之间的轴向间隙、后挡板保护高度的增大,泄漏量先逐渐增大后趋于平缓。     

温度载荷作用下胶接位置误差对精密马达系统运动精度稳定性影响机理

研究了温度场作用下胶接位置误差对精密马达系统运动精度稳定性的影响问题。在对精密马达系统的结构分析基础上,简化并建立了马达系统的胶接部件“圆环-框架”的胶接有限元仿真模型,分析了仿真模型的收敛性,进行仿真并得到了带有装配位置误差的胶接结构热应力场的形成机理以及位置误差对马达系统精度稳定性的定量影响规律。圆环的热应力主要来源是使用的胶和金属件的热膨胀系数相差较大,从而引起的热变形不协调。圆环装配偏心每增加10μm,会导致圆环在半径方向有10nm数量级的质心位移。在经历一定的温度循环之后,圆环偏心每增加10μm会导致在半径方向产生1nm数量级的质心位移,这会对马达系统的运动精度以及精度稳定性产生不利影响。根据研究结论,在实际装配生产的过程中,应当严格控制装配偏心量,以减小胶接位置误差对马达系统的影响。     

磁阻型电磁发射系统的发射体形态优化研究

根据磁阻型电磁发射原理及驱动线圈内部磁场分布情况,推导了基于线性化电感的发射体运动模型,给出了一个用于计算发射体在线圈中的受力和加速情况的简化方法,并归纳了部分影响因素。使用ANSYS Maxwell仿真软件对不同形状发射体在线圈中的受力变化进行仿真分析。研究结果为实际磁阻型电磁发射中应用的发射体形状设计提供了参考。     

圆型限制性三体问题相对运动解析研究

针对圆型限制性三体问题共线平动点附近周期/拟周期轨道下的相对运动问题,提出一种新的、通用的解析研究方法。在周期/拟周期轨道近似解析解的基础上,结合微分修正方法,获得了精确的周期/拟周期轨道。对周期/拟周期轨道的单值矩阵进行分析,同时借鉴Floquet理论核心思想,建立了六个相对运动模态,并将相对运动表示为六个相对运动模态的线性组合,获得了相对运动的近似解析解。最后在地-月系统圆型限制性三体问题下,以L1点作为研究对象,分别以Halo轨道、Lissajous轨道和Lyapunov轨道为参考轨道,对相对运动模态和相对运动进行仿真分析,说明了相对运动模态的正确性以及相对运动近似解析解的有效性。     

航天器复杂约束姿态机动的自主规划

 研究了星载设备经受动态环境的多种几何约束和动力学约束时,航天器姿态机动历程的星上规划方法。将完整姿态映射为三维姿态描述空间中的点,姿态路径的规划问题转化为中间节点的规划。随机搜索空间中的一组节点,在相邻节点间采用施加动力学约束的Euler转动姿态制导律,并考查Euler转动过程中的几何约束。用快速搜索随机树方法搜索到可行解,再利用姿态空间特性对路径加以优化。仿真显示算法能在大范围内快速得到可行解,优化措施有助缩短机动时间。离散化的节点规划保证了复杂约束情况下解的有效性,并具有概率完备性。     

Effect of Variable Selection on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization： a Flight Vehicle Example

Different multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems are formulated and compared. Two MDO formulations are applied to a sounding rocket in order to optimize the performance of the rocket. In the MDO of the referred vehicle, three disciplines have been considered,which are trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics. A special design structure matrix is developed to assist data exchange between disciplines. This design process uses response surface method (RSM) for multidisciplinary optimization of the rocket. The RSM is applied to the design in two categories: the propulsion model and the system level. In the propulsion model, RSM deter-mines an approximate mathematical model of the engine output parameters as a function of design variables. In the system level, RSM fits a surface of objective function versus design variables. In the first MDO problem formulation, two design variables are selected to form propulsion discipline. In the second one, three new design variables from geometry are added and finally, an optimization method is applied to the response surface in the system level in order to find the best result. Application of the first developed multidisciplinary design optimization procedure increased accessible altitude (performance index) of the referred sounding rocket by twenty five percents and the second one twenty nine.     

飞机在变化风场中三维运动的数值仿真

本文在引入和定义了必要的坐标系和Euler角以后,推导了计及任意变化风场的飞机一般运动方程.所得的两组运动方程均适宜于在大气紊流和风切变中飞机三维飞行运动的数值仿真。还讨论了风梯度的气动力效应。