Gram-Schmidt回归及在刀具磨损预报中的应用

多元线性回归是一种应用广泛的统计分析方法.在实际应用中,当自变量集合存在严重多重相关性时,普通最小二乘方法就会失效.为解决这一问题,利用Gram-Schmidt 正交变换,提出一种新的多元线性回归建模方法——Gram-Schmidt回归.该方法可实现多元线性回归中的变量筛选,同时也解决了自变量多重相关条件下的有效建模问题.将该方法应用于机械加工过程中刀具磨损的预报分析,有效地进行了变量筛选,并得到了解释性强同时拟合优度也很高的模型结果.      

基于小波的能源消费弹性系数预测方法

能源消费弹性系数反映了一个国家能源消费增长速度与国民经济增长速度之间的比例关系,是衡量一个国家能源利用效率的重要指标。鉴于数据中存在较多的噪声,首先用小波分析方法对数据进行滤波,然后用滤除了噪声的数据作为输入变量,用支持向量回归方法建模,并预测未来10年我国能源消费弹性系数变化的规律。实际数据检验表明,该预测方法还是可行的。     

多元线性回归的预测建模方法

根据历史的样本数据,建立多元线性回归的预测模型;从而在不需要未来样本数据的情况下,预测未来时刻多元线性回归模型中的回归参数,以及主要的模型精度评估指标.对多元线性回归模型参数的预测,转化为对其变量集合的增广矩阵的叉积阵的预测.对叉积阵进行谱分解,利用高维群点主轴旋转的预测建模方法,通过Givens变换得到特征向量矩阵的转角值,对自由取值的转角以及特征值建立预测模型.仿真实验例示了该方法的主要计算步骤;计算结果显示,利用本模型得到的拟合值精度较高,预测值真实可信.最终计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,表明这种方法可以用于分析和预测众多领域中因变量对自变量的回归关系问题.      

细节信息容量与MTF相关分析

文章从信息容量的角度出发,对图像宏观质量做出评价,再通过研究图像的细节信息容量参数,对在宏观上质量相当的图像做出更进一步的评价,挑选出边缘清晰、纹理等细节信息丰富的图像。然后将该评价参数与Ealing仪测得的调制传递函数(MTF)值的变化趋势作曲线回归分析,实验结果表明,细节信息容量与数字成像系统的MTF值的变化有着很好的正相关关系,这对评价数字成像系统MTF变化情况具有较好的实际应用价值。     

刀具磨损的偏最小二乘回归分析与建模

简述了偏最小二乘回归方法;对在不同切削条件下车削加工过程刀具后刀面磨损的多组实验数据,采用偏最小二乘回归方法,根据变量重要性指标分析和因子载荷分析,从8个变量及其组合中筛选出了6个用于建模的自变量,并以后刀具磨损量作为因变量,建立了对所选自变量(切削速度V、切削分力的均值F_x、F_y和F_z、分力比值F_y/F_x和F_z/F_x等)的偏最小二乘回归模型;采用建模数据覆盖的切削条件下的实验数据和建模数据未覆盖的切削条件下的实验数据,分别对模型进行了验证.结果表明,采用偏最小二乘回归方法选择的自变量是合理的,所建立的刀具磨损的回归模型可以较满意地计算出不同切削条件下刀具后刀面的磨损量.     

微粒子喷丸技术研究进展

微粒子喷丸因其采用的弹丸介质尺寸小,具有强化基体表面并降低表面粗糙度的优点,已成为航空、能源动力等领域中一项重要的表面强化技术.目前对于该技术的研究仍处于对其强化机理的试验论证阶段,还未有完整的理论体系.对微粒子喷丸技术的原理和特点进行了综述,讨论了微粒子喷丸的强化机制,阐述了目前微粒子喷丸技术的研究现状及在各类材料中...     

碳纤维增强复合材料车削表面质量分析

文摘以PCD刀具车削加工短切碳纤维/酚醛复合材料的表观质量为研究对象,通过开展正交试验,采用三维测量技术,研究切削三要素和刀尖圆弧半径对工件加工质量的影响;通过Design Expert软件,对加工因素的显著性进行分析。结果表明,随着切削速度v和进给量f的增大,表面粗糙度Ra逐渐增大,随着切削深度a_p和刀尖圆弧半径r的增大,Ra逐渐变小;试验显著因素为刀尖圆弧和进给量;最佳加工参数为：v=160 r/min、f=0.15 mm/r、a_p=0.6 mm、r=0.6 mm;通过加工试验和建模分析验证,结论可靠。     

Machining of SiC ceramic matrix composites: A review

Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs-SiC) are currently the preferred material for hot section components, safety–critical components and braking components (in the aerospace, energy, transportation) with high value, and have triggered the demand for machining. However, the high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity of materials bring great challenges to machining, due to high mechanical and thermal loads, severe tool wear, and poor machining quality. With the increasing demand of FRCMCs-SiC parts, high-quality and high-efficient machining has become a hot issue. This review paper provides a detailed literature survey on the machining of FRCMCs-SiC. The material removal mechanism, defect form, and interfacial mechanical properties of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. The machining processes of FRCMCs-SiC were introduced, and their respective advantages and disadvantages were compared. Given the low machinability (high hardness, high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity) of FRCMCs-SiC, preliminary experiments have proved that ultrasonic-assisted machining and laser-assisted machining have shown unique advantages in reducing force and tool wear, improving machining quality and machining efficiency. The machined surface integrity was discussed, the influence of process parameters on the machined surface quality was analyzed, and the machining defects of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. But for FRCMCs-SiC, the existing quantitative evaluation of the machined surface integrity was weak and unsystematic.     

Integration of high-fidelity model of forward variable area bypass injector into zero-dimensional variable cycle engine model

Forward Variable Area Bypass Injector (FVABI) is one of key components which contributes to modulate the cycle parameters of Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) under various operation conditions. The modeling method of zero-dimensional FVABI was reviewed and its deficiency was analyzed based on FVABI flow characteristic. In order to improve the accuracy of VCE performance simulation, the high-fidelity modeling method of FVABI was developed based on its working characteristics. Then it was coupled with the zero-dimensional VCE model and the multi-level VCE model was built. The results indicate that the geometric and aerodynamic parameters can affect the interaction between the two airflows and the zero-dimensional FVABI model is too simple to predict the component performance accurately, especially when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked. Based on the performance curves for single bypass mode and the regression model of multi-scale support vector regression for double bypass mode, the high-fidelity model can predict FVABI performance accurately and rapidly. The integration of high-fidelity FVABI model into zero-dimensional VCE model can be done by adjusting iterative variables and balance equations. The multi-level model has good convergence and it can predict VCE performance when the FVABI inner bypass is chocked.     

图像法求液滴表面张力和接触角

空间流体实验具有无人操作的特殊性,需要对监控图像进行实时处理,得到目标参数.本文研究了利用照相机捕捉到的液滴灰度图像,分析求取液滴的表面张力、接触角、体积等物理参数的方法.针对液滴的灰度图像,利用边界提取、域值分割等图像处理方法,得到液滴的基本轮廓.建立基于液面像素点坐标的拉普拉斯方程,运用牛顿一拉夫逊法、龙格-库塔法、坐标轮换法等多种数值方法,对液滴的边界进行拟合,寻求最优的轮廓拟合点.根据最优的拟合点,确定液滴的物理参数.提出了利用牛顿法与一维寻优相结合的算法进行轮廓拟合的方法,并与文献[1]提出的算法进行了比较,证明了该方法具有收敛速度较快,拟合精度较高的特点.该方法是实现空间蒸发液滴热毛细对流和接触角测量实验的一项关键技术,同时也可以运用到非接触测量的实验场合.