航天材料热物理性能测试技术的发展现状

根据航天材料热物理性能测试技术的特点 ,系统介绍了国内航天材料热物理性能测试技术的发展状况和发展趋势 ,并详细介绍了目前我国航天材料热物理性能测试领域中所具备的测试技术和测试装置、航天热物理性能所涉及的研究领域和内容以及目前正在开展的研究工作。     

喷管扩张段烧蚀的“台阶效应”计算

当喉衬和扩张段内衬采用具有不同烧蚀率的材料时,常出现“台阶效应”.本文以气动热化学烧蚀机理为基楚,提出应用适当的对流换热和加剧的化学反应计算对台阶效应区进行修正的方法,使台阶效应区的烧蚀率预示更切合实际工况.     

Microstructure,porosity and mechanical properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

Finite element modeling (FEM), microscopy, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and mechanical property tests were used to study the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The simulation of the melt pool and thermal history under different energy densities produced an optimized result with an energy density of 44.5 J·mm⁻³. The high cooling rate during the SLM process significantly refined the previous α-Al dendrites. The growth direction of the network-like Al-Si eutectic structure at different orientations confirmed the anisotropic nature of the microstructure. Furthermore, the microhardness, tensile testing and fracture analysis results proved that there were no obvious distinctions in the strength between the transverse and longitudinal directions, and that the ductility was anisotropic, possibly due to the shape and distribution of the pores. The pores measured by X-ray CT at different energy densities confirmed that the sphericity of the pores was inversely related to pores volumes. With optimized processing conditions, the porosity of the selective laser melted sample decreased leading to the improved fabricated fuel system component via SLM.     

Effects of Mach numbers on Magnus induced surface pressure

Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile. The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing a relatively novel experimental technique. A set of miniature pressure sensors along with a data acquisition board, battery and storage memory were placed inside a spinning model and the surface pressure were obtained through a remotely controlled system. Circumferential pressures of the model for both rotational and static conditions were obtained at two different free stream Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.8 and at different angles of attack. The results showed the ability of this new test method to measure the very small Magnus force via surface pressures over the projectile. The results provide a deep insight into the flow structure and illustrate changes in the cross-flow separation locations as a result of rotation. Similar results were obtained by the numerical simulations and were compared with the experimental data.     

丁腈橡胶增韧环氧树脂基烧蚀防热材料性能

以丁腈橡胶(CTBN)为增韧剂对环氧树脂(F51)进行增韧改性,通过FTIR、TG以及力学性能测试研究了丁腈橡胶对环氧树脂固化反应、热稳定性能和力学性能的影响,并分析了其增韧机理;分别采用燃气流剪切烧蚀试验和电弧风动烧蚀实验考核了低密度烧蚀材料的烧蚀性能。结果表明:经CTBN改性后,两者的分子链产生了一定程度的交联;树脂基体的拉伸、弯曲性能有所下降,但韧性得到了增强;热稳定性大大提高,增韧后的F51树脂在800℃时的残重率由增韧前的23%提高到了54%;低密度烧蚀材料的抗剪切、抗剥蚀能力得到了增强,且碳层的尺寸稳定性也得到了改善,烧蚀性能提高。     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

PBT弹性体力学性能及低温脆性研究

采用一步法制备了热固性3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)弹性体,并对其氢键结构、应力-应变关系和动态力学性能及低温脆性进行了研究。结果表明,合成的PBT弹性体拉伸强度和断裂伸长率在DEG羟基含量为35%、R=0.97时,可达2.51 MPa和1 274%,玻璃化温度为-34.5℃。高DEG含量的PBT弹性体脆化参数较低,与常温力学性能变化规律相反。因此,引入低温脆化参数,对PBT弹性体的性能优化具有积极意义。     

改性双马来酰亚胺树脂预浸料性能研究

采用二烯丙基双酚A(Ortho-dially Bisphenol A,以下简称O-DABPA)对T型双马来酰亚胺(Bismaleimide,以下简称BMI)树脂进行改性,并用红外光谱(Fourier TransformInfrared,以下简称FT-IR)、差式扫描量热仪(Differential ScanningCalorimetry,以下简称DSC)对改性前后的树脂结构及固化反应进行测定,利用热熔预浸法对改性BMI树脂制备预浸料,考查了预浸料的力学性能及高温下的弯曲性能。结果表明,在175℃下二烯丙基双酚A和T型双马来酰亚胺树脂质量比为1∶1,反应时间为1 h时,改性BMI树脂制备的预浸料工艺性良好,单向板层间剪切强度为84.86 Mpa,在240℃时,弯曲强度及模量分别为1 326.41 MPa和120.31 GPa,强度保留率为76.73%。     

三维编织复合材料研究进展

重点回顾了三维编织复合材料各发展阶段的关键性成果,从研究方法和研究方向两个角度,对该领域的重要研究成果和笔者所在课题组的最新研究成果进行了评述。在编织工艺方面,重点介绍了编织物的细观结构和适用领域,指出了细观结构对最大纤维体积分数的影响和当前流行的建模方法,并且将周期性单胞划分方法和纱线截面形状的模拟归纳为参数化建模中的两个关键问题。对力学性能的研究成果进行了综述,在试验方面,重点介绍了编织角的变化对材料各种性能的影响;在理论方面,重点评述了几种多尺度细观力学方法和特征单元法。最后,对有待于进一步研究的问题进行了展望。     

飞行器气动-隐身综合性能评估的灰关联度分析模型

 采用结构化网格和求解Navier-Stokes方程的方法,进行了无人机和巡航导弹气动性能计算,并数值模拟了其气动流场,所得结果与工程实际现象吻合;分别建立了无人机和巡航导弹的曲面及面劈模型,根据GRECO-WM方法,计算了其表面全向雷达散射截面(RCS)值;基于灰色系统的灰关联度分析理论,提出了气动-隐身综合性能的量化评判模型,并对2种无人机和3种巡航导弹的综合性能进行了评价,得到了对工程设计具有参考价值的结论。