航天器充放电在轨探测试验的发展

介绍了航天器充放电中表面充电和深层介质充电的产生原因，以及充放电试验的发展。分析了国外瞬态脉冲监测仪（TPM）、充电电气效应分析仪（CEEA）、IDM装置、PASP Plus试验、集约环境异常传感器（CEASE）、DDE试验，以厦悬浮电位探测单元（FPMU）等充放电试验的原理厦其试验结果。最后，根据国外的经验和发展趋势，对国内航天器充放电在轨测试的目的、发展步骤，以及与各种空间物理量的关系等提出了相应的建议。     

低重力环境下三维液体非线性晃动的数值模拟

本文讨论低重力环境下三维液体非线性晃动问题。采用ＡＬＥ（任意的拉格朗日－欧拉）运动学描述跟踪自由液面；对于ＡＬＥ描述的Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，在时间域上采用分步离散方法中的速度修正格式进行数值离散，在空间域上利用有限元方法进行了数值离散；推导了考虑表面引力效应时有限元边界条件的弱积分形式；给出了表面张力的数值计算公式。模拟了考虑表面张力情况下圆筒型贮腔中液体的非线性晃动，并得到了贮腔壁面处     

充气卸荷开关泄漏机理分析

某发射场进行火箭发动机气瓶充气时出现充气卸荷开关关闭后泄漏故障,分解卸荷开关后发现卸荷开关阀芯导向部位存在异常磨损,且阀芯非金属密封面周向密封压痕深度不均匀,结合故障形貌,采用有限元仿真计算压痕深度,对泄漏故障的根本原因进行深入剖析。分析结果表明:卸荷开关阀芯导向部位存在微小原始缺陷,多次动作后在阀芯与壳体导向部位产生粘着磨损,阀芯在壳体导向孔中回位发生偏斜,造成阀芯非金属密封面出现不均匀压痕,最终导致卸荷开关在测试时漏率超标。     

材料粗糙度变化对卫星光谱红化效应的影响

在轨人造目标的地基观测光谱存在红化效应,影响对目标反射光谱的理解应用.目标在进入空间环境后外露材料表面粗糙度发生变化.本文结合材料的光谱散射特性、卫星轨道和观测条件,仿真分析了卫星表面材料粗糙度变化对红化效应的影响.基于文献中实验数据,设计不同粗糙度的卫星表面材料样本,模拟空间环境中材料表面粗糙度的变化.利用双向反射分布函数,建立不同粗糙度材料样本的光谱散射模型.理论模拟结果表明,材料表面粗糙度的变化会影响其光谱散射特性,散射光谱形态和散射分布取决于粗糙度及入射-反射几何关系.引入网格剖分和可见面片,利用材料双向反射分布函数,仿真计算卫星表面材料在不同粗糙度状态下,整个卫星在可见光波段的反射光谱信号.仿真结果表明,随着卫星表面材料粗糙度的增加,其反射光谱在600nm之后随波长增加而呈现上升趋势,这表明空间环境中外露材料表面粗糙度变化是卫星产生红化效应的原因之一.      

颗粒增强金属基纳米复合材料脉冲电沉积制备研究

采用脉冲电沉积,在普通碳钢表面制备了Ni-W-P／CeO2-SiO2颗粒增强金属基纳米复合材料,研究了脉冲峰值电流密度和脉冲占空比对电沉积过程的影响,采用纳米颗粒的质量百分含量、沉积速率、显微硬度和表面形貌进行表征。结果表明：增加脉冲峰值电流密度或脉冲占空比,Ni—W—P基质金属晶粒细化,CeO2和SiO2纳米颗粒的质量百分含量提高。当脉冲频率为1000Hz,脉冲峰值电流密度和脉冲占空比分别为40A／dm^2和50％时,沉积速率最快（56．24μm／h）,显微硬度最高（712Hv）。此时,Ni—W—P基质金属轮廓清晰,晶粒细小而均匀,CeO2和SiO2纳米颗粒以弥散态均匀分散在基质金属中。     

基于数据融合的边缘检测新方法研究

基于经典形态学的边缘检测方法虽然具有较好的去噪能力,但其得到的往往是断续的,不完整的边缘信息,不能反映全部的边缘特性.分别利用改进的数学形态学的方法和拉普拉斯算法对图像进行边缘检测,然后将两种方法处理后的图像进行数据融合,实验结果表明,该方法得到的图像边界细腻完整,具有较好的抗噪性.     

Automated determination of the orientation of dust devil tracks in mars orbiter images

The paper presents and evaluates three methods for automatically estimating the main orientation of Martian dust devil tracks in MOC and HiRISE images. Inferring such information about dust devils from their tracks is important to better understand the near surface wind. The methods considered were based on gradient direction, directional openings and morphological granulometry. The accuracy of the methods was asserted by comparing the results to a set of directions estimated visually and assumed to be the ground truth. The higher accuracy was reached using directional openings. Besides, the directions inferred by this method were compared to those predicted by the GCM and the results agreed.     

Effects of restitution,friction, and attitude on 2D low-velocity rigid-body impacts

The impact of nonspherical bodies is complex, even at low velocities where contacting bodies are assumed to be rigid. Models of varying complexity (e.g. finite element methods) can be used to evaluate such impacts, but it is advantageous to use impulsive models such as that by Stronge, which are computationally inexpensive and governed by (fixed) material interaction coefficients. Stronge’s model parameterizes nonspherical rigid-body impacts with energetic restitution and Coulomb friction coefficients. This model was successfully used in large-scale simulations of ballistic lander deployment to asteroids and comets, whose trajectories involve dozens of chaotic bounces. To better understand the complex dynamics of these bouncing trajectories, this paper performs a dedicated study of idealized bouncing in two dimensions and on a flat plane, in order to limit the involved degrees of freedom. Using a numerical implementation of Stronge’s model, the motion of a bouncing square is simulated with different impact conditions: the square’s impact attitude, velocity, and mass distribution as well as the surface restitution and friction coefficients. The simulation results are used to investigate how these conditions affect the bouncing motion of the square, with a distinction between first impacts with zero angular velocity and successive impacts in which the square is spinning. This reveals how a single “macroscopic” bounce that separates two ballistic arcs may often consist of multiple micro-impacts that occur in quick succession. For the different impact conditions, we show how the number of micro-impacts per macro-bounce varies, as well as the normal, tangential, and total kinematic restitution coefficients. These are different from the energetic material restitution coefficient that parameterizes the impact. Finally, we examine how the settling time and distance of the bouncing trajectories change. These trends provide insight into the bouncing motion of ballistic lander spacecraft in small-body microgravity.     

Uncertainties and effects on geocenter motion estimates from global GPS observations

Global positioning system (GPS) observations can be used to estimate the geocenter motion, but are subjected to large uncertainties and effects due to uneven distribution of GPS stations and high-degree aliasing errors. In this paper, uncertainties and effects on geocenter motion estimates from global GPS observations are investigated and assessed with different truncated degrees and selected GPS network distributions based on different plate motion models, including NUVEL-1A, MORVEL56 and ITRF08. Results show that the selected GPS stations have no big effects on geocenter motion estimates based on different plate motion models, while large uncertainties are found at annual and semi-annual components when using different truncated degrees. Correlations of geocenter motion estimates from selected GPS networks with GRACE and SLR are better with truncated degree 3, and higher truncated degrees will degrade geocenter estimates. Smaller RMS also shows better results with the truncated degree 3 and the NUVEL1A has the worse results because more GPS sites are eliminated. For annual signal with truncated degree 3, four GPS strategies can reduce annual amplitudes by about 29.2% in X, 5.6% in Y, and 27.9% in Z with respect to truncated degree 1. Annual phases of all GPS solutions from MORVEL56 and ITRF08 are almost close to the GRACE solution with truncated degrees from 3 to 10, while the semi-annual signals are relatively weaker for all cases.     

The dynamical environments analysis of surface particles for different shaped asteroids

Asteroids are coming to be a popular topic in the areas of astrophysical studies and deep space exploration recently. However, surface dynamics of asteroids is still a difficult problem. This paper aims at the motion analysis of surface particles for different asteroids. The dynamical analysis method of particles’ movement is given for three parts: global motion trend, local motion trend and static analysis. A dimensionless parameter ζ is defined to distinguish the predominant term to determine the distribution of effective potential. Three kinds of common asteroids: spheroidal asteroid, spindle-shaped asteroid and dumbbell-shaped asteroid are all discussed for those three parts with different parameter ζ. The motion trend of particles on the surface of each kind of asteroid is given. The static analysis of surface particles for different asteroids is also illustrated. Based on them, some common rules for different shaped asteroids are revealed. This paper could not only provide a reference for asteroid exploration missions but also be meaningful for the research of morphologic evolution of asteroids.