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321.
Rosemary Killen Gabrielle Cremonese Helmut Lammer Stefano Orsini Andrew E. Potter Ann L. Sprague Peter Wurz Maxim L. Khodachenko Herbert I. M. Lichtenegger Anna Milillo Alessandro Mura 《Space Science Reviews》2007,132(2-4):433-509
It has been speculated that the composition of the exosphere is related to the composition of Mercury’s crustal materials.
If this relationship is true, then inferences regarding the bulk chemistry of the planet might be made from a thorough exospheric
study. The most vexing of all unsolved problems is the uncertainty in the source of each component. Historically, it has been
believed that H and He come primarily from the solar wind (Goldstein, B.E., et al. in J. Geophys. Res. 86:5485–5499, 1981), Na and K come from volatilized materials partitioned between Mercury’s crust and meteoritic impactors (Hunten, D.M., et
al. in Mercury, pp. 562–612, 1988; Morgan, T.H., et al. in Icarus 74:156–170, 1988; Killen, R.M., et al. in Icarus 171:1–19, 2004b). The processes that eject atoms and molecules into the exosphere of Mercury are generally considered to be thermal vaporization,
photon-stimulated desorption (PSD), impact vaporization, and ion sputtering. Each of these processes has its own temporal
and spatial dependence. The exosphere is strongly influenced by Mercury’s highly elliptical orbit and rapid orbital speed.
As a consequence the surface undergoes large fluctuations in temperature and experiences differences of insolation with longitude.
Because there is no inclination of the orbital axis, there are regions at extreme northern and southern latitudes that are
never exposed to direct sunlight. These cold regions may serve as traps for exospheric constituents or for material that is
brought in by exogenic sources such as comets, interplanetary dust, or solar wind, etc. The source rates are dependent not
only on temperature and composition of the surface, but also on such factors as porosity, mineralogy, and space weathering.
They are not independent of each other. For instance, ion impact may create crystal defects which enhance diffusion of atoms
through the grain, and in turn enhance the efficiency of PSD. The impact flux and the size distribution of impactors affects
regolith turnover rates (gardening) and the depth dependence of vaporization rates. Gardening serves both as a sink for material
and as a source for fresh material. This is extremely important in bounding the rates of the other processes. Space weathering
effects, such as the creation of needle-like structures in the regolith, will limit the ejection of atoms by such processes
as PSD and ion-sputtering. Therefore, the use of laboratory rates in estimates of exospheric source rates can be helpful but
also are often inaccurate if not modified appropriately. Porosity effects may reduce yields by a factor of three (Cassidy,
T.A., and Johnson, R.E. in Icarus 176:499–507, 2005). The loss of all atomic species from Mercury’s exosphere other than H and He must be by non-thermal escape. The relative
rates of photo-ionization, loss of photo-ions to the solar wind, entrainment of ions in the magnetosphere and direct impact
of photo-ions to the surface are an area of active research. These source and loss processes will be discussed in this chapter. 相似文献
322.
323.
Myrtille Laas-Bourez Gwendoline Blanchet Michel Boër Etienne Ducrott Alain Klotz 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009,44(11):1270-1278
Since 2004, we observe satellites in the geostationary orbit with a network of robotic ground based fully automated telescopes called TAROT. One of them is located in France and the second at ESO, La Silla, Chile. The system processes the data in real time. Its wide field of view is useful for the discovery, the systematic survey and for the tracking of both catalogued and un-catalogued objects. We present a new source extraction algorithm based on morphological mathematic, which has been tested and is currently under implementation in the standard pipeline. Using this method, the observation strategy will correlate the measurements of the same object on successive images and give better detection rate and false alarm rate than the previous one. The overall efficiency and quality of the survey of the geostationary orbit has drastically improved and we can now detect satellites and debris in different orbits like Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). Results obtained in real conditions with TAROT are presented. 相似文献
324.
取样长度和采样点数对分维值的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在研究分形几何理论的基础上,以不同的取样长度和采样点数,对大量的机加工粗糙表面进行了测量。结果表明;传统的粗糙度评定参数Rα依赖于取样长度;而分形维数D则是表征表面的固有参数,与取样长度无关,虽然受采样点数的影响,但当采样点数足够多时,D值将趋于稳定。 相似文献
325.
介绍了一种遥测声表面波压力传感器的原理与设计,其核心敏感部件是由声表面波谐振器组成的振荡器,文中给出了主要的测试结果。 相似文献
326.
激光熔覆的研究发展状况 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了激光熔覆的机理;激光熔覆的工艺,组织性能;激光熔覆的应用;激光熔覆存在的主要问题及解决的措施等各方面的研究发展状况,指出了激光熔覆的今后发展方向。 相似文献
327.
I. Ueno Y. Abe K. Noguchi H. Kawamura 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(12):2145-2149
Three-dimensional (3-D) velocity field reconstruction of oscillatory thermocapillary convections in a half-zone liquid bridge with a radius of O (1 mm) was carried out by applying 3-D particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Simultaneous observation of the particles suspended in the bridge by two CCD cameras was carried out by placing a small cubic beam splitter above a transparent top rod. The reconstruction of the 3-D trajectories and the velocity fields of the particles in the several types of oscillatory-flow regimes were conducted successfully for sufficiently long period without losing particle tracking. With this application the present authors conducted a series of experiments focusing upon the collapse and re-formation process of the PAS by mechanically disturbing fully developed PAS. 相似文献
328.
329.
为改善金属Zn的摩擦磨损性能,采用热压法制备Cr2AlC陶瓷颗粒增强Zn基复合材料,并研究了Cr2AlC质量分数对复合材料的金相组织、维氏硬度、相对密度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的硬度随着Cr2AlC质量分数的适量增加而明显升高。当Cr2AlC的质量分数达到20%时,复合材料的硬度是纯Zn的1.52倍。摩擦磨损实验表明,Cr2AlC颗粒的引入,可显著改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,摩擦系数由纯Zn的0.75降到Zn-20%Cr2AlC的0.65,Zn-30%Cr2AlC的磨损率相比纯Zn下降了80.54%。分析磨损表面形貌,得出其磨损类型为磨粒磨损和剥层磨损。 相似文献
330.
提出了一种反散射计算的简单、快速方法,用于用光纤半圆阵列的光散射技术测量准二维工件表面的粗糙度参数。这些参数包括高度特性参数 R_a、间距特性参数λ_a 和混合参数△_a。我们的研究证明了上述测量方法的正确性。因而,这种测量方法可用于测量工件表面粗糙度参数仪器的设计。 相似文献