航天器环境工程研究与展望

文章对航天器环境工程的发展进行了科学的探讨。文章指出：开展高可靠、长寿命航天器环境试验评价及防护技术研究,是航天器环境工程的长期重点发展方向;开展月球探测器特殊环境效应与模拟试验技术的研究,是探月工程的需求;航天器环境效应综合预示系统及航天器虚拟总装工艺技术,是未来发展的趋势;而建立空间环境天地一体化应用系统和建立空间环境试验与总装生产体系,是未来发展的模式。     

航天器环境工程回顾与展望

文章回顾了 2 0世纪航天器环境工程发展的三个主要方面 :在航天器研制中 ,环境工程和环境试验起着重要的作用 ,是验证工作的主要组成部分 ;环境效应、环境模拟试验方法等方面的研究则是环境工程的基础 ;而计算机和数字技术大大促进了整个环境工程和试验技术的发展。在新的世纪 ,环境工程的发展在继续努力降低环境试验的费用和时间的同时 ,提高环境试验的效果 ,使整个环境工程对保证航天器可靠性起到更重要的作用。文章提出了中国在 2 1世纪发展航天器环境工程需要努力的若干方面。     

航务报文处理系统的分析与设计

航务报文处理系统是对民航系统中充当部门间信息交换媒介的航务报文进行处理的软件系统,可以在民航多个部门中得到广泛应用.当前已有的航务报文处理系统存在通用性不好、可集成性差以及信息发布方式不合理等缺点.ATPS(Aeronautical Telex Processing System) 2.0航务报文处理系统就是针对这些问题,在对航务报文处理业务以及已有系统进行分析的基础上,综合使用UML(Unified Modeling Language)、中间件以及构件等多种技术的航务报文处理系统.      

概要工艺设计中的综合工艺能力估算方法

从估算工艺系统的输入性能即工艺要素能力出发,构造了一种具有工艺能力一般性质的工艺要素能力的通用量化函数,提出了一种度量整体工艺质量的指标——综合工艺能力指数及其估算函数,为在概要工艺设计阶段评估和优选工艺方案提供了有效手段.      

双三角翼飞机气动力工程计算研究

 双三角机翼比三角机翼气动布局具有更优越的升阻特性.飞机空气动力的工程计算是用数值方法寻求飞机最优设计方案的基础.采用基于面积比思想的半经验工程算法计算了双三角翼飞机的升力系数曲线斜率、零升阻力系数和诱导阻力因子.结果经风洞试验数据校验,精度完全能满足飞机方案设计要求.算法在某改型飞机方案设计中得到了成功的应用.     

微粒子喷丸技术研究进展

微粒子喷丸因其采用的弹丸介质尺寸小,具有强化基体表面并降低表面粗糙度的优点,已成为航空、能源动力等领域中一项重要的表面强化技术.目前对于该技术的研究仍处于对其强化机理的试验论证阶段,还未有完整的理论体系.对微粒子喷丸技术的原理和特点进行了综述,讨论了微粒子喷丸的强化机制,阐述了目前微粒子喷丸技术的研究现状及在各类材料中...     

碳纤维增强复合材料车削表面质量分析

文摘以PCD刀具车削加工短切碳纤维/酚醛复合材料的表观质量为研究对象,通过开展正交试验,采用三维测量技术,研究切削三要素和刀尖圆弧半径对工件加工质量的影响;通过Design Expert软件,对加工因素的显著性进行分析。结果表明,随着切削速度v和进给量f的增大,表面粗糙度Ra逐渐增大,随着切削深度a_p和刀尖圆弧半径r的增大,Ra逐渐变小;试验显著因素为刀尖圆弧和进给量;最佳加工参数为：v=160 r/min、f=0.15 mm/r、a_p=0.6 mm、r=0.6 mm;通过加工试验和建模分析验证,结论可靠。     

Machining of SiC ceramic matrix composites: A review

Continuous fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs-SiC) are currently the preferred material for hot section components, safety–critical components and braking components (in the aerospace, energy, transportation) with high value, and have triggered the demand for machining. However, the high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity of materials bring great challenges to machining, due to high mechanical and thermal loads, severe tool wear, and poor machining quality. With the increasing demand of FRCMCs-SiC parts, high-quality and high-efficient machining has become a hot issue. This review paper provides a detailed literature survey on the machining of FRCMCs-SiC. The material removal mechanism, defect form, and interfacial mechanical properties of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. The machining processes of FRCMCs-SiC were introduced, and their respective advantages and disadvantages were compared. Given the low machinability (high hardness, high brittleness, anisotropy, and heterogeneity) of FRCMCs-SiC, preliminary experiments have proved that ultrasonic-assisted machining and laser-assisted machining have shown unique advantages in reducing force and tool wear, improving machining quality and machining efficiency. The machined surface integrity was discussed, the influence of process parameters on the machined surface quality was analyzed, and the machining defects of FRCMCs-SiC were summarized. But for FRCMCs-SiC, the existing quantitative evaluation of the machined surface integrity was weak and unsystematic.     

浮空器管材结构连接方式比较及拉伸强度分析

浮空器结构件如吊舱、过渡架及推进支架等多采用金属管材连接。目前,浮空器管材结构连接缺乏使用工况下极限值实测数据,材料及连接方式选择的理论支撑尚有不足。据此,对常用管材的不同连接方式进行比较及断裂分析。研究中铝合金和钛合金管材分别采用螺接及焊接的方式进行连接,测试样品的力学性能并结合仿真分析验证其断裂原因。结果表明:TA1钛合金管材采用焊接连接方式,相对螺接方式连接强度提高 87.9%;6061铝合金管材采用螺接连接方式,相对焊接方式连接强度提高 39.3%。2A12铝合金管材焊接连接强度优于螺接连接强度。同时,分析断裂原因发现,管材形变是影响焊缝连接强度的重要因素;应力集中易发生在管材端部连接处,导致端部焊缝发生断裂;管材形变会使母材断裂时伴有撕裂现象,进一步降低管材的最大连接强度。     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.