高超声速远程导弹弹道解析估算与特性分析

对于高超声速远程导弹助推-滑翔弹道,提出一种弹道参数的解析估算方法,该方法从能量的角度出发,利用准平衡滑翔条件建立滑翔射程和飞行时间的解析估算公式;在此基础上定量地分析研究升阻比、初始速度等弹道参数对滑翔射程和时间的影响规律;同时在理论上分析了最小能量椭圆弹道的射程和飞行时间特性。基于推导得到的解析估算公式,对比研究滑翔弹道和椭圆弹道的在不同条件下的射程和时间特性,并提出这两种弹道最佳适用范围的确定准则。最后,通过仿真分析表明,解析估算结果与数值仿真结果的误差小于2%,具有较高的精度,能够可靠、有效地分析出滑翔弹道的性能,可为弹道方案的初步选取提供参考。     

Effect of ultrasonic vibration on finished quality in ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling of Inconel718

Inconel718 was machined with the traditional micromilling (TMM) and ultrasonic vibration assisted micromilling (UVAMM) with the different technology parameters, whose surface quality and burrs formation were studied. The results show that TMM often forms pits, bumps and gullies in the size effect range. UVAMM effectively improves the surface quality compared with TMM. The surface defects are significantly reduced with the increase of feed per tooth (ƒ_z). When ƒ_z exceeds 4 μm, the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the surface quality is no longer obvious. The minimum burr size on the down milling side and the up milling side are 50.23 μm and 36.57 μm, respectively. The feasibility of vibration cutting in improving surface quality and suppressing burr size was verified. UVAMM effectively suppresses the formation of built-up edge, which can significantly improve the micromilling process. The cutting force is obtained through simulation and experiment. They are agreement in the change trend. The finite element simulation can be used to predict the cutting force. Compared with TMM, feeding force (F_x), radial force (F_y) and axial force (F_z) of UVAMM decrease by 7.6%, 11.5% and 1.3%, respectively.     

基于能量耗散率的低速扩压叶栅损失研究

针对无化学反应和热流输入的叶栅有黏不可压流模型,推导出能量耗散率的组分分解式,根据叶栅流场仿真结果进行分析简化,得到由轴向涡量、轴向阻力和剪切力组成的能量耗散率分解式。结合总压损失,分析了耗散各组分在前缘损失、叶表损失和通道损失中的主导因素:轴向涡量项反映旋涡结构,在通道损失中占主要部分,集中在通道涡和分离面附近;轴向阻力项反映扩压和叶表边界层转折造成的流动损失,在前缘损失和叶表损失中占主要部分,集中在叶栅前部的叶表边界层和主流区;剪切力项反映轴向截面速度不均匀性,在叶栅后部的叶表损失和通道损失中占主要部分,集中在叶表、端壁边界层和分离面附近。旋涡结构和耗散各组分分布特征揭示了叶栅通道中旋涡结构与能量耗散之间的分布关系,分离区并不是主要能量耗散区,高能量耗散区主要分布在叶表边界层(叶栅前部由轴向阻力项主导,后部由剪切力项中的υ(∂V_x/∂y)²项主导)、分离面附近(受剪切力项中的υ(∂V_x/∂y)²项和轴向涡量项影响)。大攻角情况下,叶栅通道损失显著增加,正攻角促使轴向涡量项的增长点提前,负攻角则使得叶表边界层的速度剪切加剧。     

变厚度涡轮盘上能量与应力分布的关联分析

提出一种分段解析法,推导给定变厚度涡轮盘内外缘加热能量下涡轮盘的温度分布与应力分布,从而建立起以能量转移系数表示的涡轮盘能量分布与温度分布及应力分布之间的直接关联.该关联应用于某型航空发动机低压涡轮盘,并通过与数值模拟对比,结果显示:温度与应力的理论分析结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好,最大相对偏差分别为2%与13%;等边界热流量条件下,随着能量转移系数的增大,涡轮盘内缘温度增大,外缘温度减小,涡轮盘等效应力水平降低,最大等效应力减小.分段解析法获得的能量分布与应力分布关联的准确性与可行性得到了验证.      

基于改进算法的工艺规划与车间调度的双目标优化模型

针对工艺规划与车间调度的集成问题,一般考虑以加工时间、加工成本和加工质量为优化性能指标,而对能量消耗等环境影响因素考虑不足。本文建立了工艺规划与车间调度的数学模型,以完工时间和能量消耗为优化目标,通过设置权重系数来调节优化目标倾向。采用改进的混合模拟退火与遗传算法对问题进行求解,利用遗传算法的全局搜索速度快和模拟退火的突跳性强的特点,结合回火机制,有效地得到了完工时间和能量优化结果。最后,通过实例仿真表明该方法具有可行性。     

Thermomechanical coupling effect on characteristics of oxide film during ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID grinding ZTA ceramics

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID (UVA-ELID) grinding is utilized as a novel and highly efficient processing method for hard and brittle materials such as ceramics. In this study, the UVA-ELID grinding ZTA ceramics is employed to investigate the influence of thermomechanical loading on the characteristics of oxide film. Based on the fracture mechanics of material, the model of internal stress for oxide film damage is proposed. The thermomechanical loading is composed of mechanical force and the thermal stress generating from grinding temperature. The theoretical model is established for the mechanical force, thermal stress and internal stress respectively. Then the finite element analysis method is used to simulate the theoretical model. The mechanical force and grinding temperature is measured during the actual grinding test. During the grinding process, the effect of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth on the thermomechanical force and the characteristics of oxide film is analyzed. Compared with the conventional ELID (C-ELID) grinding, the mechanical force decreased by 25.6% and 22.4% with the increase of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth respectively, and the grinding temperature declined by 10.7% and 12.8% during the UVA-ELID grinding. The thermal stress in the latter decreased by 16.3% and 20.8% respectively, and internal stress reduced by 12.3% and 15.6%. It was experimentally found that the topographies of oxide layer on the surface of the wheel and the machined surface in the latter was better than that in the former. The results indicate that the action of ultrasonic vibration establish a significant effect on the processing. Subsequently, it should be well considered for future reference when processing the ZTA ceramics.     

气隙构型对高频交流SDBD防除冰激励器的温升影响

等离子体激励具有电离效应、气动效应和热效应,可被用于飞行器防除冰。背面电极的气隙构型对于交流供电的沿面介质阻挡放电（SDBD）防除冰激励器的单周期放电次数和放电电荷分布均有影响,电源频率也为影响激励器温升的重要因素。目前对于交流SDBD温升效果的研究均是基于背面电极无气隙的构型,且缺乏激励频率大于15 kHz的高频条件。为此制作了背面电极有气隙和无气隙的对照构型,在35~55 kHz的高频范围内,采用电学特性、红外测温、放电形态相结合的方式研究了交流SDBD防除冰激励器温升特性。结果表明：施加相同的电压或频率时,背面电极有气隙构型的SDBD激励器的裸露正面最高温度相比无气隙构型激励器可提高至151.51%;背面电极气隙的存在也可以使激励器正面尤其是正面等离子放电反方向的温升区域扩大;增加频率使交流SDBD激励器的温度非线性提高,有助于降低高压击穿风险。     

Zernike多项式在拟合光学表面面形中的应用及仿真

光学镜面在重力的作用下,会产生镜面变形,这种变形包括刚体位移和表面变形,将对光学系统的成像品质产生不同的影响。文章通过Matlab软件,对有限元分析后的数据进行处理,用Zernike多项式精确拟合变形后的镜面面形,并在Matlab中绘出镜面面形云图,最后计算出表面变形的表面变形均方根和表面变形最大值与最小值之差。实例计算表明,该方法能将镜面变形的刚体位移和表面变形分离,适合于光学自由曲面的镜面面形精度分析。     

电子束撞击介质表面引发的带电现象分析

现有关于介质微波部件微放电的相关研究多从谐振条件及出射电子产额方面出发分析微放电发生原因及其抑制方法,而很少分析航天器表面电位对于微放电发生的影响。文章对碰撞电子与介质表面相互作用后二次电子发射特性进行综合分析;重点研究了不同介质表面初始电位情况下,恒定能量的电子束流持续轰击介质表面时介质表面电位及电子束流碰撞能量的变化趋势;并对稳定后的电子束流碰撞能量和介质表面电位进行了理论计算,计算结果表明系统平衡状态时的表面电位受初始电子能量及第二临界能量影响有明显改变。此外,文章探究了单一能量及连续能量入射介质表面时表面带电对于二次电子发射的影响,研究表明：带有电位φ的表面会使临界能量发生偏移量-eφ的相对偏移;对于连续能量的入射电子束,介质表面带电会很大程度上改变入射电子束的能量范围,从而影响微放电发生的风险。