A theoretical and 1-D numerical investigation on a valve/valveless air-breathing pulse detonation engine

The important operating characteristics of pulsed Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) propulsion are the pressure gain of the combustor component and the propulsive performance gain of the engine. A ramjet-type valve/valveless air-breathing pulsed detonation engine with a supersonic internal compression inlet is investigated. Based on an ideal thermal cycle, the ideal equivalent pressure ratios (π_cb) of the Pulsed Detonation Combustor (PDC) are obtained theoretically which are directly related with the propulsive performance of the engine. By introducing an orifice loss model into the cycles, the critical pressure drop ratios through the orifice for the PDC achieving pressure gain and the engine achieving thrust gain are studied. More influencing factors are investigated by the use of a one-dimensional (1-D) numerical simulation model. The operating characteristics of the pulse detonation engine are investigated with changes of the valve type, the inlet/outlet area ratio of the PDC, the nozzle area ratio, and flight conditions. All these factors can affect π_cb of the PDC, and π_cb can be optimized by changing the geometry of the engine. The most important influence parameter is the valve type. When using an orifice-type aerodynamic valve, simulation results show that the PDC cannot achieve the pressure gain characteristics. When a supersonic internal compression inlet is introduced to the engine, whether the Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) can achieve thrust gain comparable with that of an ideal Brayton cycle engine not only is related to the pressure gain of the combustor, but also needs to optimize the engine structure to reduce the total pressure loss.     

解离效应对超燃冲压发动机燃烧与传热的影响特性研究

为了分析高温解离效应对超燃冲压发动机燃烧和传热的影响,在超声速流动与燃烧一维理论模型的基础上,提出了"解离效率"的概念,建立了一种对高温燃气解离吸热效应进行量化评估的方法和发动机流动理论分析模型.应用该模型对日本宇宙航空研究开发机构M12-02发动机模型进行了研究,定量分析了解离效应对飞行马赫数12条件下超声速燃烧流动...     

基于逆向射流抑制封严篦齿泄漏流动的数值及实验研究

针对一直通型篦齿通道进行了二维数值模拟,建立了9种封严结构模型,重点研究了位置和角度变化时逆向射流对篦齿内部流场的影响,探讨了不同模型下篦齿前后压比与泄漏系数的关系,发现各工况下的逆向射流在一定程度上都能够增强篦齿的封严效果,并且射流角度越小,密封性能越佳,射流位置在第一节齿腔中间时,抑制泄漏的效果最佳,当射流角为45°,射流位置在第一齿腔中间时,泄漏系数相对不带逆向射流时能够降低11.5%。在此基础上,进行了带逆向射流的二维直通型封严篦齿实验,在不同的压比下,用PIV分别测量了3种射流角度和3种射流位置下的篦齿通道内部流场,实验结果与数值计算变化规律一致。      

Coupled fluid-thermal investigation on non-ablative thermal protection system with spiked body and opposing jet combined configuration

In this paper, a Non-Ablative Thermal Protection System(NATPS) with the spiked body and the opposing jet combined configuration is proposed to reduce the aerodynamic heating of the hypersonic vehicle, and the coupled fluid-thermal numerical analysis is performed to study the thermal control performance of the NATPS. The results show that the spiked body pushes the bow shock away from the protected structure and thus reduces the shock intensity and the wall heat flux. In addition, the low temperature gas of the opposing jet separates the high temperature gas behind the shock from the nose cone of the spiked body, ensuring the non-ablative property of the spiked body. Therefore, the NATPS reduces the aerodynamic heating by the reconfiguration of the flow field, and the thermal control efficiency of the system is better than the Thermal Protection System(TPS) with the single spiked body and the single opposing jet. The influencing factors of the NATPS are analyzed. Both increasing the length of the spiked body and reducing the total temperature of the opposing jet can improve the thermal control performance of the NATPS and the nonablative property of the spiked body. However, increasing the heat conductivity coefficient of the spiked body can enhance benefit the non-ablative property of the spiked body, but has little influence on the thermal control performance of the NATPS.     

水下超声速气流流场非定常特性研究

上浮水雷在工作过程中环境压力大幅度变化,针对上浮水雷火箭发动机具有三种不同工作状态（欠膨胀、完全膨胀、过膨胀）的特点,采用VOF两相流模型,建立了水下火箭发动机在不同工作状态喷射流发展的轴对称计算模型,分别在来流速度0m/s和50m/s两种工况下,研究了水下发动机在不同工作状态时喷射流发展规律及流场脉动特性。结果显示,在静水条件下,欠膨胀工况时颈缩发生位置距喷管出口较远,流场压力和喉部流量没有发生脉动现象,其它工况时颈缩发生位置距喷管出口较近,完全膨胀工况和过膨胀工况喷管出口最大压力振幅分别为5.5MPa,7MPa;喷管喉部流量振动幅度约为5.2%,32.8%;在有流速条件下,三种工作状态发生颈缩、胀鼓和回击现象的位置距离喷管出口较远,完全膨胀喷管出口最大压力振幅为2MPa,喷管喉部流量未发生脉动特性,过膨胀工况喷管出口最大压力振幅6.1MPa,喉部流量振动幅度30.4%。     

无喷管火箭发动机

本文综合现有的无喷管火箭发动机研究的成果,评述其优缺点.在此基础上,对无喷管发动机的工作特点和主要影响因素,如点火、燃烧、装药变形及两相流动等,进行了分析,以及讨论了无喷管发动机内弹道计算的有关问题.     

发动机故障诊断的主特征量模型

 本文提出了发动机状态监控气路分析的主特征量模型。主特征量摸型的基本原理为对于发动机部件匹配热力学关系式的小偏差方程组,利用最优化方法求出各种可能的故障组合的最优解,然后根据合理性判据选择合理的最优解。主特征量模型可以在可能的故障参数数目大于测量参数数目的情况下,对主要故障参数进行故障诊断。与目前广泛采用的影响系数矩阵法比较,主特征量模型可以用于测量参数数目较少的情况,并且可以给出较多的故障诊断信息,因此具有广泛的实用意义。文中给出了主特征量模型的三种数学模型,讨论了利用主特征量模型进行故障诊断的有关技术问题,并且通过计算机模拟方法对主特征量模型的适用性及可靠性进行了分析。研究结果表明,本文提出的主特征量模型是发动机状态监控与故障诊断的一种有效方法。     

发动机经验故障方程的建立与求解

本文提出了根据发动机故障样本建立发动机故障方程并利用最优化方法(主特征量模型)求解的故障诊断方法。经验故障方程是不同于发动机小偏差方程的另一类故障方程,它为发动机故障诊断提供了一条简便易行的途径,并且使发动机故障诊断范围扩展到气路分析方法难以适用的场合。文申讨论了经验故障方程的建立方法,求解方法和应用特点,给出了利用经验故障方程进行发动机故障诊断的实例。     

气动格栅改善进气道流场的实验研究

对一种能有效改善管流出口流场的新型整流装置——气动格栅(下称格栅)作了介绍。在超音速冲压发动机进气道下游进行了格栅与网格的对比实验研究,得到了大超临界工况下,格栅比网格具有更好的整流效果:在马赫数1.8、攻角为零度时,格栅出口气流总压畸变指数D比网格低约50％。     

污染空气对超音速燃烧地面试验结果的影响

文中阐述了超燃冲压模型燃烧室地面试验时,进口空气污染的影响。从超燃燃烧室内的自动着火,燃烧过程机理来分析污染物(H_2O)的作用。用电弧加热进口气流及向气流喷水模拟氢加热器加热。结果表明:如果使用氢加热器直接加热空气,进口空气中含有污染物,它对超音速燃烧室地面试验的影响,将取决于进口气流状态,喷射方式、污染物含量和氢当量比等,是模拟试验中必须予以考虑的问题。