Numerical investigation on hydrogen combustion in a scramjet with 3D sidewall compression inlet

Numerical simulations were employed to analyze the flowfield of a scramjet with three-dimensional (3D) sidewall compression inlet, and the effect of inlet distortion on the mixing and combustion process was examined. The numerical approach solved the compressible Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations supplemented with a finite rate chemical reacting model for the combustion of hydrogen fuel and air. Turbulence closure was achieved using Menter shear-stress transport (SST) model. To verify the accuracy of the simulation, the computed wall pressure was compared with the experimental data of the direct-connect combustor test. The metrics employed in the simulations included qualitative assessments related to flow structure as well as quantitative values of fuel mixing efficiency, combustion efficiency and static pressure distribution. Intake sidewalls were found to strongly affect the inlet flow structure, which became more complex in the nonuniform flowfield. The shock train system affected the combustion region located upstream of the injection and led to pairs of asymmetric separation bubbles. Nevertheless, the shock train system dissipated due to the reactions, the combustion patterns of each fuel jets in downstream region were nearly identical, and the degree of improvement of mixing and combustion efficiency near the downstream injectors was less than that near the upstream injectors.     

飞行控制与飞机发展

论述飞行控制技术的发展及其与飞机发展的关系.概要回顾了自莱特兄弟研究人类飞行技术开始至20世纪60年代初期飞机飞行控制技术的发展过程.阐述了主动控制技术与电传飞行控制系统的产生和对飞机发展的巨大影响.重点介绍了新型综合自适应飞行控制系统的主要技术内涵和实现途径.      

Improvement of Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model for supersonic complex flows

Entropy represents the dissipation rate of energy. Through direct numerical simulation (DNS) of supersonic compression ramp flow, we find the value of entropy is monotonously decreasing along the wall-normal direction no matter in the attached or the separated region. Based on this feature, a new version of Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model (BL-entropy) is proposed in this paper. The supersonic compression ramp and cavity-ramp flows in which the original Baldwin-Lomax model fails to get convergent solutions are chosen to evaluate the performance of this model. Results from one-equation Spalart-Allmaras model (SA) and two-equation Wilcox k-x model are also included to compare with available experimental and DNS data. It is shown that BLentropy could conquer the essential deficiency of the original version by providing a more physically meaningful length scale in the complex flows. Moreover, this method is simple, computationally efficient and general, making it applicable to other models related with the supersonic boundary layer.     

Stagnation temperature effect on the conical shock with application for air

The aim of this work is to realize a new numerical program based on the development of a mathematical model allowing determining the parameters of the supersonic flow through a conical shock under hypothesis at high temperature, in the context of correcting the perfect gas model. In this case, the specific heat at constant pressure does not remain constant and varies with the increase of temperature. The stagnation temperature becomes an important parameter in the calculation. The mathematical model is presented by the numerical resolution of a system of first-order nonlinear differential equations with three coupled unknowns for initial conditions. The numerical resolution is made by adapting the higher order Runge Kutta method. The parameters through the conical shock can be determined by considering a new model of an oblique shock at high temperature. All isentropic parameters of after the shock flow depend on the deviation of the flow from the transverse direction. The comparison of the results is done with the perfect gas model for low stagnation temperatures, upstream Mach number and cone deviation angle. A calculation of the error is made between our high temperature model and the perfect gas model. The application is made for air.     

气泡雾化喷嘴液雾特性

为了研究静止空气中气泡雾化喷嘴的液雾特性，利用粒子多普勒分析仪(PDA)和Mie散射显示法，对气泡雾化喷嘴在水压2．5MPa和3．4MPa条件下，较宽气液比范围内的液雾的张角、粒度及速度分布进行了测量，分析了水压、气液比、两股射流相互作用对液雾的影响。结果表明，气泡对液体射流的雾化具有较大的增强作用，同时发现存在-临界气液比(介于3％～4％之间)，当气液比达到临界值后，射流的雾化突然增强，且运行稳定。     

基于耦合振荡器阵列的天线接收技术

论文根据耦合振荡器阵列提供一组均匀相位分布本振信号的接收原理,推导了一维线性和二维矩形耦合本振阵列产生均匀相位分布的控制方法,并对耦合本振阵列的稳定性进行了分析,为耦合振荡器阵列在天线接收技术中的应用提供理论参考。     

Tracking characteristics of tracer particles for PIV measurements in supersonic flows

The tracking characteristics of tracer particles for particle image velocimetry (PIV) mea-surements in supersonic flows were investigated. The experimental tests were conducted at Mach number 4 in Multi-Mach Wind Tunnel (MMWT) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The motion of tracer particles carried by the supersonic flow across shockwaves was theoretically modelled, and then their aerodynamic characteristics with compressibility and rarefaction effects were evalu-ated. According to the proposed selection criterion of tracer particles, the PIV measured results clearly identified that the shockwave amplitude is in good agreement with theory and Schlieren visu-alizations. For the tracer particles in nanoscales, their effective aerodynamic sizes in the diagnostic zone can be faithfully estimated to characterize the tracking capability and dispersity performance based on their relaxation motion across oblique shockwaves. On the other hand, the seeding system enabled the tracer particles well-controlled and repeatable dispersity against the storage and humidity.     

一种冲击-冲压式超音速压气机设计尝试

为了探索高负荷压气机设计技术,提出了一种冲击-冲压式超声速压气机的设计方案。设计得到的冲击式转子在叶尖切线速度为457m/s下实现了4.6的压比和0.88的绝热效率,该转子的出口马赫数高达2.1,采用了冲压式静子来实现减速扩压,结合边界层吸气等手段,最终整级的压比为3.4,绝热效率为0.72。结果表明:这种超声速压气机设计方案可以实现较高的负荷和可以接受的效率,是一种值得关注与研究的高负荷压气机气动布局。     

射流微振荡器的设计与实验研究

设计了一种由双稳射流元件和振荡腔组成的射流振荡器,射流元件输出口经过振荡腔接回元件的控制口构成反馈。通过实验研究了供气压力、反馈管路长度和振荡腔容积等影响振荡频率的主要参数,同时分析了振荡器的工作机理,为射流振荡器的应用提供了理论和实验依据。     

Detached-eddy simulation of supersonic flow past a spike-tipped blunt nose

Space vehicle in atmosphere travels mostly at supersonic speed and generates a very strong bow shockwave around its blunt nose. Oblique shock and conical separated flow zone generated by a forward disk-tip spike significantly reduce the drag by reducing the high pressure area on the blunt nose. This study employs improved delayed detached eddy simulation to investigate the characteristic flow structures around a spike-tipped blunt nose at Mach number of 3 and Reynolds number(based on the blunt-body diameter) of 2.72x10~8. The calculated time-averaged quantities agree well with experimental data. Characteristic frequencies in different flow regions are extracted using fast Fourier transform. It is found that two distinct instability modes exist: oscillation mode and pulsation mode. The former is related to the foreshock/turbulence interaction with nondimensional frequency at around 0.004. The latter corresponds to the interaction between turbulence and shock structures around the blunt nose, with a typical coherent structure shedding frequency at 0.092.