Mach reflection in steady supersonic flow considering wedge boundary-layer correction

Mach reflection in steady supersonic flow is an important phenomenon having received extensive studies, among which simplified theoretical models to predict the size of Mach stem and other flow structure are of particular interest. Past efforts for such models were based on inviscid assumption while in real cases the flow is viscous. Here in this paper we consider the influence of wedge boundary layer on the Mach stem height. This is done by including a simplified boundary layer model into a recently published inviscid model. In this viscous model, the wedge angle and the trailing edge height, which control the Mach stem height, are replaced by their equivalent ones accounting for the displacement effect of the wedge boundary layer, with the boundary layer assumed to be laminar or fully turbulent. This viscous model is shown to compare well with numerical results by computational fluid dynamics and gives a Mach stem height as function of the Reynolds number and Mach number. It is shown that due to the viscous effect, the Mach stem height is increased, through increasing the effective wedge angle.     

Supersonic flow over a pitching delta wing using surface pressure measurements and numerical simulations

Experimental and numerical methods were applied to investigating high subsonic and supersonic flows over a 60° swept delta wing in fixed state and pitching oscillation.Static pressure coefficient distributions over the wing leeward surface and the hysteresis loops of pressure coefficient versus angle of attack at the sensor locations were obtained by wind tunnel tests.Similar results were obtained by numerical simulations which agreed well with the experiments.Flow structure around the wing was also demonstrated by the numerical simulation.Effects of Mach number and angle of attack on pressure distribution curves in static tests were investigated.Effects of various oscillation parameters including Mach number, mean angle of attack, pitching amplitude and frequency on hysteresis loops were investigated in dynamic tests and the associated physical mechanisms were discussed.Vortex breakdown phenomenon over the wing was identified at high angles of attack using the pressure coefficient curves and hysteresis loops, and its effects on the flow features were discussed.     

Mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser

To expand the stable operating range of compressors, understanding the mechanism of flow instability at low flow rates is necessary. In this paper, the mechanism of stall and surge in a centrifugal compressor with a variable vaned diffuser is experimentally investigated, where the diffuser blade setting angle can be adjusted. Many dynamic pressure transducers are mounted on the casing surface of the compressor. From the design condition to surge, dynamic pressure data is recorded throughout the gradual process. According to the signal developing status, the typical modes of compressor instability are defined in detail, such as stall, mild surge, and deep surge. A relatively high-frequency stall wave originates in the impeller and propagates to the diffuser, and finally stimulates a deep surge in the compressor. The compressor behavior during surge differs at different diffuser vane angles. When the diffuser vane angle is adjusted, both the unstable form and the core factor affecting the overall machine stability change. A specific indicator is proposed to measure the instability of each component in a compressor, which can be used to determine the best region for stability extension technologies, such as a holed casing treatment, in different compressor applications.     

Simulation of streamwise vortices at the flaps of re-entry vehicles

The present study investigates separated flows in the flap region of the X-38 re-entry demonstrator with respect to the heat loads downstream reattachment induced by streamwise vortices. In a first step generic numerical flow simulations of turbulent ramp configurations with artificially induced vortex disturbances are compared with wind tunnel data of the Ludwieg tube facility in Göttingen (RWG). The results allow insight into the perturbed flow field, the associated flow topology and the influence of different flow parameters that affect the perturbations. For numerical resolution of streamwise vortices in the boundary layer of re-entry vehicles local grids are generated around the flaps of the X-38 vehicle. Extensive studies of arranging and refining the local grids demonstrate good grid convergence. For laminar cases and cases with fixed transition vortex effects on the heat transfer are observed with and without artificial vortex excitation.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der vorgelegten Studie ist die Untersuchung abgelöster Strömungen im Klappenbereich des X-38 Wiedereintrittsdemonstrators hinsichtlich der durch Längswirbel entstehenden thermischen Belastungen stromab der Anlegelinie. Im ersten Schritt werden turbulente generische Rampenkonfiguratiorien mit künstlich induzierten Wirbelstörungen mit Windkanaldaten des Ludwierohrkanals in Göttingen (RWG) verglichen. Die Ergebnisse erlauben einen Einblick in die Störströmung, der zugehörige Strömungstopologie und der Einflüsse verschiedener Parametervariationen auf die Störströmung. Zur numerischen Auflösung der Längswirbel in der Grenzschicht von Wiedereintrittsvehikeln wurden lokale Netze um die X-38 Klappen generiert. Ausführliche numerische Studien nach Umordnung und Verfeinerung der lokalen Netze zeigen eine gute Netzkonvergenz der Ergebnisse. In laminaren Fällen und solchen mit fester Transition wurden Wirbeleinflüsse auf den Wärmestrom mit und ohne künstliche Wirbelanregung beobachtet.     

二元混压超声速进气道三维流动数值分析

按照MacCormack时间分裂方法，应用NND格式、对流迎风矢通量分裂（AUSM）技术和Baldwin-Lomax混合长度代数湍流模型，对贴体坐标下三维雷诺平均N－S方程进行有限差分离散。数值计算了均匀来流和非均匀来流条件下二元混压超声速进气道三维湍流流动态，分析了该进气道主要性能参数随出口反压、来流马赫数、导弹工作高度及飞行攻角的变化特性，为深入研究进气道性能提供了一定辅助手段。     

非对称型DCR进气分流流场数值分析

采用矢通量分裂法对非对称型二维ＤＣＲ进气分流流场进行了数值模拟，通过求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程组，获得了全场清晰的物理图象，文中对计算结果作了分析讨论。     

高超侧压式进气道参数分析及试验研究

分析了高超侧压式进气过第一、二溢流窗的溢流角随后掠角的变化规律，分析了溢流窗气流与主流相互作用而形成一道脱体曲面激波的原因，设计了侧压角为６°，后掠角３０°的直前缘及圆弧前缘两套高超侧压式进气道，在Ｍ５．３风洞中利用风洞壁面自然发展的附面层进行非均匀来流下进气道起动性能及总体性能试验，试验发现大量附面层吸入不仅对起动性能有重大影响，而且对总压恢复影响也极大。     

亚燃、超燃双重燃烧进气分流数值模拟研究

本文介绍了亚燃、超燃双重燃烧进气分流的物理数学模型以及应用Euler方程组求解分流流场的数值计算方法,最后给出了计算的初步结果.     

空气喷气发动机试车台排气扩压器设计及试验研究

排气扩压器的作用是将发动机排出燃气的部分动能转换成压力能，真实模拟发动机排气反应和环境压力条件。它是高空台排气系统将被试发动机的高温高速燃气进行减速、降温、降低噪声，从而使燃气顺利地进入引射器（排气抽气设备）或排入大气的关键部件之一。排气扩压器的设计与被试发动机的合理配置至关重要。它与高空台的模拟高度、工作范围及节约能源等问题直接相关。所以必须综合考虑排气扩压器的设计问题。     

Busemann进气道风洞实验及数值研究

为了获得Busemann进气道的流场特性和总体性能，利用内锥形流场生成了设计马赫数为5．3，收缩比为8的具有乘波构形的Busemann进气道，对该进气道进行了数值模拟和Ma为5．3的吹风实验，实验测量了进气道内的沿程静压分布和出口截面的皮托压力，分析了进气道的压缩特性和乘波特性，获得了进气道的基本性能参数。实验结果表明：该进气道流量系数为0．58，出口马赫数1．4，总压恢复0．217，增压比37．6。