Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com-pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip winglet on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over-all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed. It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet (SW) is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet (PW). An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.     

导风轮叶片偏置对高压比串列离心压气机性能的影响

为提升高压比串列离心压气机的性能,借鉴常规一体化离心叶轮中偏置分流叶片的方法,针对某高压比串列离心压气机,应用数值仿真手段分析了串列叶轮中导风轮叶片周向偏置对压气机流场和性能的影响。通过对不同导风轮叶片偏置方案下压气机流场的分析,建立了压气机流动损失与偏置参数的关联性。研究表明:采用较大的偏置参数γ可降低导风轮叶片1前缘的激波强度,改善激波作用导致的泄漏涡破碎和流动分离,但过大或过小的γ方案中导风轮叶顶会出现二次泄漏致使低能流体的掺混损失增加;γ=65%方案压气机综合性能最佳,其压比和效率较γ=50%分别提高了1.5%和1.4%;对于串列离心压气机导风轮叶片周向位置的优化,在避免导风轮叶顶形成较强二次泄漏的前提下,应考虑采用较大的偏置参数γ,同时应防止诱导轮尾迹流体参与导风轮的叶顶泄漏。     

基于自适应网格的超声速液体射流破碎过程研究

为研究超声速气流中液体横向射流的破碎过程,采用脉冲背景光方法和VOF方法开展了实验和数值研究。为提高液体横向射流中气液界面和气流场特征捕捉的精确性,采用自适应网格技术对于气液界面、激波出现位置进行网格细化,计算得到了较为精细的气液界面、激波特征及涡系结构。研究结果表明:在低成本仿真模拟条件下,利用自适应网格计算得到的射流轨迹和轮廓与实验吻合较好,射流轨迹的最大误差为10%;射流初始段在超声速气流条件下,仍然存在一段高度约为1.9倍喷孔直径且圆柱形态保持较好的连续光滑液柱。随着喷注压降的升高,液柱的长度逐渐增大;主流气体流经液柱发生三维绕流,在射流附近和近壁面区域形成不断演化的反转涡对,反转涡对的形成加速了液体射流一次破碎过程。     

Fluid structure interaction simulation of supersonic parachute inflation by an interface tracking method

An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) approach with interface tracking is developed in this paper to simulate the supersonic parachute inflation. A two-way interaction between a nonlinear finite element method and a finite volume method is accomplished. In order to apply this interface tracking method to problems with instantaneous large deformation and self-contact, a new virtual structure contact method is proposed to leave room for the body-fitted mesh between the contact structural surfaces. In addition, the breakpoint due to the fluid mesh with negative volume is losslessly restarted by the conservative interpolation method. Based on this method, fluid and structural dynamic behaviors of a highly folded disk-gap-band parachute are obtained. Numerical results such as maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) drag, general canopy shape and the smallest canopy projected areas in the terminal descent state are in accordance with the wind tunnel test results. This analysis reveals the inflation law of the disk-gap-band parachute and provides a new numerical method for supersonic parachute design.     

超声速变马赫数风洞流场参数线性变化验证

旋转喷管型面使超声速变马赫数风洞在单次运行过程中可连续调节实验区的马赫数,便于研究飞行器的机动过程、进气道起动过程中的气动问题。在控制喷管型面旋转过程中,流场参数能否线性变化是衡量超声速变马赫数风洞性能的一个重要指标。分析变马赫数风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化规律,利用弹簧光顺的动网格技术建立数值仿真模型,验证喷管位于马赫数3.041~3.215 范围所对应的位置时,实验区流场参数是否满足线性变化规律。结果表明：通过对喷管型面旋转的控制实现了风洞实验区流场参数的线性变化,动态计算结果与预期实验区流场参数线性变化规律吻合良好;在不同加速度的流场参数线性变化过程中,各时刻实验区的平均参数与预期参数之间的偏差均小于0.13%。     

等离子体气动激励抑制压气机叶栅角区流动分离的仿真与实验

进行了等离子体气动激励抑制低速压气机叶栅角区流动分离的数值仿真研究,并进行了实验验证.小攻角情况下,叶片吸力面角区流动分离导致显著的尾迹总压损失.来流速度为50 m/s(雷诺数为223 000)时,等离子体气动激励可以有效的抑制角区流动分离,降低总压损失.激励电压、频率分别为10 kV和22 kHz时,50%叶高处的尾迹压力分布基本不变,60%和70%叶高处的最大总压损失分别减小了13.83%和10.74%.增加激励电极组数或激励电压,可以增强抑制效果.      

端壁造型技术在亚声轴流压气机级中的应用

为探索利用端壁造型技术来提高轴流压气机性能的可能性,以亚声轴流压气机试验级为对象,对端壁造型技术在压气机中的应用进行了研究.鉴于压气机的逆压工作环境,端壁设计结合了周向(非轴对称)和流向两个方向的造型,具体介绍了造型方法.对端壁造型后压气机级的数值模拟显示:端壁造型技术可以有效减小、消除静子角区分离,进而提高级的效率和压比.      

轴流压气机动态失速过程三维计算

基于三维非定常欧拉方程和三维激盘模型发展了一种用于研究轴流压气机动态失速过程的三维计算方法.利用该计算方法研究了某型高压压气机第一级的动态失速过程,并就转子总静压升特性的三种不同径向分布对失速过程的影响进行了分析.计算结果表明该方法能够反映出压气机的三维动态失速过程、失速团的三维空间结构,并能有效地表现出转子沿径向的特性变化对压气机气动稳定性的影响,而且还能够用于判断压气机的危险截面.      

轴流压缩系统带支板过渡段的轴对称等效方法

 航空发动机轴流压缩系统过渡段内存在厚支板,该支板造成的堵塞对过渡段的性能产生重要影响,同时也使过渡段内流动成为三维复杂流动,增加了设计难度。建立了一种等效方法,通过构造与带支板过渡段具有相似气动特性的轴对称过渡段,近似地等效原带支板过渡段,从而将复杂的三维问题简化为二维轴对称问题。首先,理论推导了带支板过渡段的轴对称等效方法;随后,通过数值模拟方法,对带支板过渡段和等效过渡段内的流动特性进行对比,结果表明等效过渡段不仅与带支板过渡段的静压分布吻合很好,并且两者具有相似的损失规律,说明等效方法能客观地反映支板对过渡段内流动的影响;最后,将轴对称等效方法应用于带支板过渡段原型的改进设计,改进设计后带支板过渡段支板与轮毂角区的大范围流动分离被消除,损失减小了41.6%。     

静子叶片内环结构对机匣动力特性的影响

根据某型航空发动机高压压气机的实际结构进行有限元分析,着重地考虑内环结构的计算模型与常规无内环结构计算模型固有频率的差异。通过比较计算结果明显看出内环结构对机匣弯曲刚度具有明显的加强作用,振动模态对应的固有频率明显增高。由此可以断定以往在计算静子系统动力特性时忽略内环结构或是只考虑内环的等效质量是不合理的。采用本文提出的考虑叶片内环的计算模型才能获得正确的机匣动力特性。