大庆RP-3航空煤油热物性分析

1引言在超燃冲压发动机的实际运行过程中,吸热碳氢燃料通常被当作冷却剂去吸收气动加热和燃烧施于机体的热量,其温度和状态随着飞行马赫数的不同而发生变化。与液态燃料相比,在加热条件下,燃料的热物理特性及其喷注、混合和燃烧等过程有很大的不同,例如,临界点附近燃料的热力学     

超临界压力下航空煤油传热特性

为了弄清航空煤油在超临界压力下的传热情况,进行了超临界压力下航空煤油传热实验研究。由实验结果绘出了超临界压力下煤油传热曲线图。实验结果表明:煤油在超临界压力下传热情况从低温到高温依次历经四个过程:(1)正常传热段,这一段内实验管内壁温和煤油温度都低于临界温度;(2)传热强化段,这一段内管内壁温度达到拟临界温度,发生拟沸腾强化传热;(3)传热恶化段,这一段内煤油温度处于临界温度附近比热和导热系数都迅速达到极大值之后的缓慢减小区段;(4)第二次传热强化段,这一段是经过传热恶化后,随着温度的进一步升高,比热和导热系数又缓慢升高,出现第二次传热强化。     

超临界压力下航空煤油流动与传热特性试验

本文针对超燃冲压发动机再生冷却系统运行条件,实验研究了大庆RP-3煤油在超临界压力下的流动和传热特性,目的在于研究煤油在各种工况下的流动参数变化以及对流传热规律。煤油通过二级煤油加热/输运系统加热,试验的煤油压力约2.6M～5.0MPa,油温约300～800K。相应的壁面热流密度为10～300kW/m2。通过油温与壁温的同步测量,结合非定常传热分析,获得了超临界压力下、亚/超临界温度范围内煤油的流动和传热物理参量的变化曲线。     

Three-dimensional numerical study of supercritical pressure effect on heat transfer of cryogenic methane

A three-dimensional numerical study of the turbulent convective heat transfer of the cryogenic methane flowing inside a square engine cooling channel under supercritical pressures was systematically conducted. Numerical results indicate that increasing the fluid pressure results in enhanced heat transfer of the cryogenic methane under supercritical pressures. At the pseudo-critical temperature under a corresponding supercritical pressure, drastic property variations cause heat transfer deterioration and sharp wall temperature increase at a high wall heat flux of 7MW/m2. A modified Jackson and Hall heat transfer equation, which can be used for supercritical heat transfer calculations of the cryogenic methane, has been successfully established in this paper.      

Effect of turbulence models on predicting convective heat transfer to hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure

A variety of turbulence models were used to perform numerical simulations of heat transfer for hydrocarbon fuel flowing upward and downward through uniformly heated vertical pipes at supercritical pressure. Inlet temperatures varied from 373 K to 663 K, with heat flux rang-ing from 300 kW/m2 to 550 kW/m2. Comparative analyses between predicted and experimental results were used to evaluate the ability of turbulence models to respond to variable thermophys-ical properties of hydrocarbon fuel at supercritical pressure. It was found that the prediction per-formance of turbulence models is mainly determined by the damping function, which enables them to respond differently to local flow conditions. Although prediction accuracy for experimental results varied from condition to condition, the shear stress transport (SST) and launder and sharma models performed better than all other models used in the study. For very small buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration due to variations in density lead to the impairment of heat transfer occurring in the vicinity of pseudo-critical points, and heat transfer was enhanced at higher temperatures through the combined action of four thermophysical properties: density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat. For very large buoyancy-influenced runs, the thermal-induced acceleration effect was over predicted by the LS and AB models.     

液氧甲烷发动机台阶型冷却通道的耦合传热特性

为了研究液氧甲烷发动机再生冷却通道中跨临界甲烷的流动和传热特性,以及冷却通道较大幅度的突扩突缩对冷却效果的影响,采用整场直接耦合的方法对推力室三维耦合传热进行了数值模拟,考虑了燃气的非平衡流动.通过计算得到了推力室三维温度场和流场.计算结果表明：由于喉部截面附近存在较强的二次流,燃气侧壁面温度的最大值出现在喉部上游.由于突扩突缩处存在较强的旋涡运动,冷却剂的湍流强度增强,冷却剂侧表面传热系数显著提高,燃气侧壁面温度出现局部极小值,同时也产生了较大的局部损失.由于铜内衬热阻比镍外套热阻小得多,从燃烧室进入的大部分热量在冷却通道底面和侧面被冷却剂吸收.冷却通道底面的温度和热流密度沿程变化比顶面更剧烈.     

考虑发动机冷却通道固壁内耦合导热影响的低温甲烷超临界压力传热研究

 在考虑发动机冷却通道固壁内耦合导热影响的情况下,开展了低温甲烷在矩形冷却通道中的超临界压力湍流换热数值模拟研究;仔细分析了热流密度及管道几何形状对低温甲烷超临界压力下的流动和传热的影响;得到了流体速度、壁面温度、壁面热流密度等参数的详细变化情况以及Nusselt数的变化规律。计算结果表明:在考虑流固耦合作用时,上壁面施加的热流有一部分会通过固体壁面内的热传导,经由侧壁面传入超临界压力流体,并且随着热流密度的增加,经侧壁面传导的热流所占的比例也会随之增大;减小冷却通道内截面的高宽比,可以提高超临界压力下的换热效果,但流动压降会大大增加,因此冷却通道高宽比的选择需综合考虑传热与压力损失的影响,可以引入热性能参数作为参考;修正的Jackson&;Hall对流换热关系式基本可以适用于本文中的各种工况。     

跨音速机翼采用鼓包主动减阻技术研究

对二维、三维鼓包进行激波控制减阻,并在大型客机的机翼上进行了对比研究。在研究鼓包减阻的机理时,采用了超临界翼型,鼓包的几何形状及鼓包位置的优化也进行了研究。研究结果表明,鼓包位置、形状及串列式分布对机翼的减阻影响较大。最后把得到的研究结果应用到大型飞机的激波减阻上,结果表明,该方法能较大程度地减小激波阻力,进而提高飞机的升阻比,提高飞机的气动效率。     

超临界态碳氢燃料流固耦合传热及热裂解的计算方法研究

为深入研究主动再生冷却机理,采用固体热传导方程和流体控制方程,建立了超临界态碳氢燃料耦合传热及热裂解的数值方法。对两种实验状态下电加热管内RP-3航空煤油的耦合传热及热裂解过程进行了计算研究,其中RP-3的热裂解反应由包含1个总体反应和23个二次反应的Modified Kumar-Kunzru反应机理模拟。两种状态下计算得到的外壁温、燃料温度、RP-3裂解率以及裂解产物分布与测量值的最大误差分别小于10%和15%。计算与实验结果吻合较好,表明建立的数值方法是准确的,可以作为研究超临界态碳氢燃料耦合传热及热裂解特性的有效计算分析工具。     

Experimental study on flow excursion instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel in scramjet regenerative cooling parallel channels

Flow instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel is a crucial issue in scramjet regenerative cooling structure. In this study, flow excursion instability and flow distribution in parallel tubes were experimentally studied for supercritical fluids. Two types of flow excursion occur in a single tube. Type I and Type II excursions, and they are corresponding to decreasing and increasing flow rate respectively. They can trigger flow maldistribution between parallel tubes and the hysteresis phenomenon of flow distribution. The effects of system parameters, including inlet temperature, system pressure, and heat flux, on flow distribution were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between flow excursion and the pseudo-critical interval proposed in the literature was established according to the heated tube outlet temperature at the onset of flow instability. Finally, the flow excursion instability boundary was obtained using two dimensionless parameters. These experimental results can provide helpful insight on the mechanism of Scramjet regenerative cooling.