30kN上面级液氧甲烷发动机方案

上面级是介于运载火箭与航天器之间的相对独立的一级,具备轨道转移能力,可将有效载荷精确送入预定轨道.上面级是提高火箭运载能力和提升任务适应性的有效途径,上面级发动机是实现该目标的关键.长期在轨的高性能上面级,要求主动力具备比冲高、空间可长期贮存和高可靠性等能力.针对此技术需求,对比分析了上面级发动机的系统方案;设计了采用...     

液氧/甲烷同轴喷雾及火焰稳定的试验

介绍了液氧和气态甲烷的低温同轴喷雾燃烧试验,试验使用了光学诊断方法如阴影法和火焰分光光谱法记录了试验中的喷雾和火焰信息,讨论了不同燃烧室压力和喷注无量纲数如韦伯数(We)和气液动量流率比下的雾化和火焰稳定情况。试验结果表明,燃烧室压力对射流雾化和火焰稳定有显著影响,增加燃烧室压力有利于火焰稳定于靠近喷注器面的地方,研究中没有发现火焰吹离距离和韦伯数之间有明显的关系式。液氧射流核心长度随气液动量流率比的增大而下降。雾化质量对液氧/甲烷同轴喷雾的火焰稳定性有明显的影响。     

超临界煤油超声速燃烧特性实验

针对各种温度、压力下，马赫数2．5流场中超临界煤油的超声速燃烧性能进行了实验研究。研制并测试了一个新型二级煤油加热系统，该系统能够把0．8kg的煤油在5．5MPa压力下加热至至950K而不产生严重的结碳。超声速燃烧试验表明，在相同的来流和燃料当量比条件下，超临界煤油的燃烧效率比室温煤油提高10％～15％，与氢气泡雾化的燃烧效率相当。     

超临界压力下乳化煤油传热性能数值研究

为了减少煤油在冷却时的结焦析碳，研究乳化煤油在超临界压力工况下传热特性随热负荷变化的规律以及析碳的影响。在对比煤油工质的计算与试验数据的基础上，改进并验证了模型的可用性，得到各相、各参数的全场分布及壁温随热负荷变化规律；在相同工况和热负荷下，乳化油比煤油更能起到降低壁温、减少析碳的作用；含水量越大乳化煤油降低壁温效果越好，但不能进一步减少析碳量。     

Numerical investigation of pyrolysis effects on heat transfer characteristics and flow resistance of n-decane under supercritical pressure

Pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuel plays an important role in the regenerative cooling process. In this article, a Two-Dimensional (2D) numerical model is proposed to investigate the pyrolysis effects on the heat transfer characteristics and flow resistance of n-decane under supercritical pressure. The one-step global pyrolytic reaction mechanism consisting of 19 species is adopted to simulate the pyrolysis process of n-decane. The thermophysical and transport properties of the fluid mixture are computed and incorporated into the numerical model for simulation. Comparisons between the current predictions and the open published experimental data are carried out and good agreement is achieved. In order to better understand the complicated physicochemical process, further investigations on the turbulent flow and heat transfer coupled with pyrolysis in a tube have been performed under various operating conditions. The results indicate that the pyrolysis intensively takes place in the high fluid temperature region. The occurrence of the heat transfer deterioration would lead to increasing n-decane conversion at the beginning of the heated section. It is found that the pyrolysis could improve the heat transfer deterioration and promote the heat transfer enhancement. Meanwhile, pyrolysis gives rise to an abrupt increase of flow resistance. The mechanisms of the physicochemical phenomena are also analyzed in a systematic manner, which would be very helpful in the development of the regenerative cooling technology.     

可压缩管流中真实气体效应的理论分析与数值模拟

为研究超燃冲压发动机冷却通道内复杂碳氢燃料的可压缩流动特性及相关影响因素,本文在典型工况条件下讨论了超声速膨胀流中真实气体效应的影响。基于平衡热力学理论,明确了气体动力学基础导数对可压缩流动的关键影响,并从气体动力学基础导数的角度出发考察了多种碳氢燃料在临界点附近的特性。同时,在数值模拟程序中耦合了立方型状态方程以准确描述超临界碳氢燃料的热物性参数。最后,对超临界条件下的二维超声速膨胀流进行了数值模拟,捕捉到了超声速扩张管道流动中马赫数下降的现象并揭示了其相应的物理机制。此外,参考发动机冷却通道内的典型工况条件,系统考察了不同入口马赫数、压力与温度等不同来流条件下真实气体效应的影响规律。     

超薄翼型上液压系统布置的设计分析

超薄翼型飞机后梁空间狭小,无法为液压管路系统提供足够的空间。分别从液压系统泄漏、液压油介质的腐蚀性、穿燃油箱的密封性、对燃油箱温度的影响以及对液压能源系统本身的影响等设计问题进行分析,提出了将部分液压管路布置在燃油箱内的方案。试验证明此设计方案能满足系统要求和适航要求。     

甲烷/氧气双组元微型推力室的实验研究

为研究微小推力室的工作特点,建立了双组元微小推力室的地面实验装置和数据采集系统。在内径为4mm,喉部直径为0.4mm的微小推力室内,采用氧气和甲烷气体作为推进剂进行了点火热试车,实时测量燃烧室压力和壁面的温度分布。实验结果表明,在富燃工况下,随着混合比的升高,燃烧温度和燃烧室压力逐渐升高;当混合比一定时,随着总流量的增加,燃烧室压力增加,微小推力室的推力和比冲也在升高。微小推力室的真空推力达到120mN,真空比冲达到了240s。     

Pressure distribution guided supercritical wing optimization

Pressure distribution is important information for engineers during an aerodynamic design process. Pressure Distribution Oriented (PDO) optimization design has been proposed to introduce pressure distribution manipulation into traditional performance dominated optimization. In previous PDO approaches, constraints or manual manipulation have been used to obtain a desirable pressure distribution. In the present paper, a new Pressure Distribution Guided (PDG) method is developed to enable better pressure distribution manipulation while maintaining optimization efficiency. Based on the RBF-Assisted Differential Evolution (RADE) algorithm, a surrogate model is built for target pressure distribution features. By introducing individuals suggested by sub-optimization on the surrogate model into the population, the direction of optimal searching can be guided. Pressure distribution expectation and aerodynamic performance improvement can be achieved at the same time. The improvements of the PDG method are illustrated by comparing its design results and efficiency on airfoil optimization test cases with those obtained using other methods. Then the PDG method is applied on a dual-aisle airplane’s inner-board wing design. A total drag reduction of 8 drag counts is achieved.     

Numerical study of a supercritical airfoil/wing with variable-camber technology

Variable-camber technology is considered an effective way to adaptively improve the aerodynamic performance of aircraft under various flight conditions. This paper studies the aerodynamic characteristics of the trailing-edge variable-camber technology by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a drag decomposition method. Trailing-edge variable-camber technology can be simply realized by the continuous deflection of the flaps and ailerons of a wing. A supercritical airfoil is used to study the two-dimensional effect of variable-camber technology, and a wide-body airplane model is used to validate the three-dimensional improvement in the wing's airfoil made by variable-camber technology. An optimization strategy for airfoil that incorporates variable-camber technology is proposed. The optimization results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain better results than the traditional segregated shape optimization.