3D-Cf / Mg 复合材料的热残余应力研究

采用随动硬化有限元模型,研究了三维碳纤维增强镁基复合材料(3D-Cf/Mg)基体热残余应力的大小、分布以及不同工艺处理对热残余应力的影响。同时,对复合材料进行了高、低温处理,利用XRD定性分析了处理前后复合材料基体热残余应力的变化。计算结果表明:经过-196℃低温处理后,复合材料基体的平均Mises热残余应力由169.06 MPa减小至55.29 MPa;高温处理后,基体平均热残余应力几乎不变。该结果与实验结果吻合,证明了低温处理能明显降低复合材料基体的热残余应力。     

单壁碳纳米管低能区光吸收性质

采用半经验方法,通过紧束缚理论建立一维近似模型,研究了单壁碳纳米管的态密度,解释了单壁碳纳米管光吸收谱低能阶段出现的3个吸收峰的形成原因。     

实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气腐蚀的相关性

在Г.М.古尼耶夫中值老化公式的基础上,采用回归分析方法对碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料的实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气腐蚀之间的相关性进行研究,确定了自然大气环境腐蚀试验的层间剪切强度的中值曲线方程,并得出实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气环境腐蚀之间的当量关系.试样表面及断口微观形貌的观察分析进一步证明:实验室模拟加速腐蚀与自然大气环境腐蚀具有相似的腐蚀机理.     

碳纳米管复合材料在航空航天中的应用

文章介绍了碳纳米管技术的研究进展情况,包括合成制备、化学分子结构、独特性能及应用前景。重点介绍了碳纳米管增强复合材料的研究进展,并提出和讨论了碳纳米管复合材料在航空航天应用的一些重要研究课题。尽管碳纳米管复合材料在航空航天领域显示了非常好的发展前景,但一些关键技术仍有待深入研究。     

航空航天复合材料应用的最新进展

文章介绍了先进复合材料的最新进展情况,内容包括用于最新复合材料体系的各种增强纤维、树脂基体,及复合材料结构设计的一些新概念。重点介绍了低成本和高效的制造技术。复合材料重要结构件的制造技术在不断改进,制造出的部件不仅精度和强度更高,而且更显成本效益。文章还介绍了航空航天领域一些新研发的复合材料结构件。     

BHM3碳纤维及其氰酸酯基复合材料耐原子氧侵蚀性能

利用原子氧暴露地面模拟实验装置,分别对BHM3型高模量碳纤维及其增强的氰酸酯基复合材料进行了原子氧暴露模拟实验,采用SEM、XRD、XPS技术分析了原子氧对碳纤维及其氰酸酯复合材料的侵蚀行为。结果表明,经过1×10 21 atoms/cm 2剂量的原子氧暴露后,碳纤维及其氰酸酯复合材料质量损失率均低于1%,纤维表面形貌及组成不变,碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的层间剪切强度降低16%。     

A feasibility study for the detection of the diurnal variation of tropospheric NO2 over Tokyo from a geostationary orbit

We have conducted a feasibility study for the geostationary monitoring of the diurnal variation of tropospheric NO₂ over Tokyo. Using NO₂ fields from a chemical transport model, synthetic spectra were created by a radiative transfer model, SCIATRAN, for summer and winter cases. We then performed a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) analysis to retrieve NO₂ slant column densities (SCDs), and after converting SCDs into vertical column densities (VCDs), we estimated the precision of the retrieved VCDs. The simulation showed that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ? 500 is needed to detect the diurnal variation and that SNR ? 1000 is needed to observe the local minimum occurring in the early afternoon (LT13–14) in summer. In winter, the detection of the diurnal variation during LT08–15 needs SNR ? 500, and SNR ? 1000 is needed if early morning (LT07) and early evening (LT16) are included. The currently discussed sensor specification for the Japanese geostationary satellite project, GMAP-Asia, which has a horizontal resolution of 10 km and a temporal resolution of 1hr, has demonstrated the performance of a precision of several percent, which is approximately corresponding to SNR = 1000–2000 during daytime and SNR ? 500 in the morning and evening. We also discuss possible biases caused by the temperature dependence of the absorption cross section utilized in the DOAS retrieval, and the effect of uncertainties of surface albedo and clouds on the estimation of precisions.     

地外二氧化碳转化利用技术研究现状与展望

为有效解决未来长期载人地外生存面临的物资供给等关键问题,获得更高的氧回收率、能量转化效率和更低的应用成本,亟须发展更高效的地外二氧化碳转化利用技术。文章总结了地外二氧化碳利用的发展现状并分析了近期的研究进展,发现不同技术之间差异大,在航天应用过程中,需充分考虑地外环境限制因素,以选用更合适的技术。空间站上已搭载的Sabatier装置和火星车上的MOXIE装置初步实现了地外二氧化碳还原。以“地外人工光合成”为代表的常温二氧化碳转化技术可为地外环控生保提供新路线。其不仅能够实现地外氧气供给,还可获得甲酸、乙烯和甲烷等有机分子作为燃料或生物转化原料。随着相关基础研究的不断发展,有望实现二氧化碳的高效转化和高附加值有机物、甚至碳糖食物的生产。地外二氧化碳转化利用技术的发展,将实现地外密闭环境下的废弃资源利用与物质循环,降低载人空间站、载人深空飞船的物资供应需求,也将为原位资源利用火星大气中的二氧化碳提供创新思路,以支撑未来可承受、可持续的地外生存任务。     

Carbon dioxide dynamics of combined crops of wheat,cowpea, pinto beans in the Laboratory Biosphere closed ecological system

A mixed crop consisting of cowpeas, pinto beans and Apogee ultra-dwarf wheat was grown in the Laboratory Biosphere, a 40 m³ closed life system equipped with 12,000 W of high pressure sodium lamps over planting beds with 5.37 m² of soil. Similar to earlier reported experiments, the concentration of carbon dioxide initially increased to 7860 ppm at 10 days after planting due to soil respiration plus CO₂ contributed from researchers breathing while in the chamber for brief periods before plant growth became substantial. Carbon dioxide concentrations then fell rapidly as plant growth increased up to 29 days after planting and subsequently was maintained mostly in the range of about 200–3000 ppm (with a few excursions) by CO₂ injections to feed plant growth. Numerous analyses of rate of change of CO₂ concentration at many different concentrations and at many different days after planting reveal a strong dependence of fixation rates on CO₂ concentration. In the middle period of growth (days 31–61), fixation rates doubled for CO₂ at 450 ppm compared to 270 ppm, doubled again at 1000 ppm and increased a further 50% at 2000 ppm. High productivity from these crops and the increase of fixation rates with elevated CO₂ concentration supports the concept that enhanced CO₂ can be a useful strategy for remote life support systems. The data suggests avenues of investigation to understand the response of plant communities to increasing CO₂ concentrations in the Earth’s atmosphere. Carbon balance accounting and evapotranspiration rates are included.     

模压压力对焦炭颗粒增强沥青基炭复合材料性能的影响(英文)

采用普通液压机和新型高效的模压半炭化成型工艺,在大气环境下制备出了高密度、低成本的焦炭颗粒增强沥青基炭复合材料.研究了模压压力对焦炭颗粒增强沥青基炭复合材料的体积密度和抗压强度的影响趋势,并探讨了复合材料的体积密度与抗压强度之间的相互关系.结果表明,增大模压压力,沥青基炭复合材料的体积密度和抗压强度随之明显增加;继续增大模压压力,体积密度仍然呈上升趋势,但抗压强度却突然下降;沥青基炭复合材料的体积密度越高,其抗压强度未必也就越大.