红外二氧化碳传感器动态特性校准与改进研究

提出了红外二氧化碳传感器动态特性实验方法,建立了红外二氧化碳传感器的动态数学模型,阐述了动态补偿滤波器的设计过程,并讨论了影响动态数字滤波器补偿效果的各种因素.为了减小运算时间,改善传感器的响应特性,给出了一种将滤波器的差分方程变成递推运算的方法.实验结果表明,动态补偿滤波器有效地提高了红外二氧化碳传感器的动态特性.     

混杂化是改善CFRP韧性的有效途径

碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)虽然以模量高、强度高而作为受力构件材料越来越多地被应用。但CFRP性脆,韧性差,其应用在很大程度上受到了限制。若将玻璃纤维(G_纤)或Kevlar纤维(K_纤)代替部分碳纤维,即制成C/G,C/K混杂复合材料,在不太损失其它性能的前提下可以大大提高CFRP的冲击韧性[1][2]。实验证明,混杂化是改善CFRP韧性的一个切实可行的途径。     

Direct radiative forcing from black carbon aerosols over urban environment

There is growing evidence that the earth’s climate is changing and will likely continue to change in the future. It is still debated whether these changes are due to natural variability of the climate system or a result of increases in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Black carbon (BC) has become the subject of interest for a variety of reasons. BC aerosol may cause environmental as well as harmful health effects in densely inhabited regions. BC is a strong absorber of radiation in the visible and near-infrared part of the spectrum, where most of the solar energy is distributed. Black carbon is emitted into the atmosphere as a byproduct of all combustion processes, viz., vegetation burning, industrial effluents and motor vehicle exhausts, etc. In this paper, we present results from our measurements on black carbon aerosols, total aerosol mass concentration and aerosol optical depth over an urban environment namely Hyderabad during January to May, 2003. Diurnal variations of BC indicate high BC concentrations during 6:00–9:00 and 19:00–23:00 h. Weekday variations of BC concentrations increase gradually from Monday to Wednesday and gradually decrease from Thursday to Sunday. Analysis of traffic density along with meteorological parameters suggests that the primary determinant for BC concentration levels and patterns is traffic density. Seasonal variations of BC suggest that the BC concentrations are high during dry season compared to rainy season due to the scavenging by air. The fraction of BC to total mass concentration has been observed to be 7% during January to May. BC showed positive correlation with total mass concentration and aerosol optical depth at 500 nm. Radiative transfer calculations suggests that during January to May, diurnal averaged aerosol forcing at the surface is −33 Wm² and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) above 100 km it is observed to be +9 Wm⁻². The results have been discussed in detail in the paper.     

碳势控制数学模型的建立

研究了甲醇－乙酸乙酯气喷气炉内直接制备气氛的碳势控制问题，建立了温度Ｔ、甲烷含量、二氧化碳含量为参数的三因素碳势计算模型。该模型直实地反映了该炉气的碳变变化情况。经过几百次的试验表明，实测碳势值与模型计算值最大偏差为０．０５３％。     

纳米二氧化钛吸入对小鼠肺部和血清生化指标的影响

将成年健康的小鼠(每组8只)暴露在含有1 500 mg/m3纳米二氧化钛气溶胶密闭装置内,以暴露在空气中的小鼠作为对照,研究了纳米二氧化钛对小鼠肺部组织和血清生化指标的影响.经过不同时间的暴露后将小鼠处死,收集血样并取肺部组织进行生化指标分析和组织病理学检验.血清生化指标检测结果显示,在所有的试验组中,乳酸脱氢酶的活性均提高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶的活性和尿素氮在暴露28天组中增加,肌酐在暴露14天组和28天组中均增加,其他血清学指标未见明显异常.组织病理学检测结果显示,暴露28天的肺泡间隙有纳米粒子存在,并且肺部炎症逐渐增强.     

Automatic Carbon Tape Laying for Structural Composite Parts

The technology of automatic carbon tape laying for structural composite parts is introduced. The most effective form of automatic carbon tape laying technology is presented with emphasis.     

CFRP超高周疲劳损伤演化过程

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在航空航天等领域得到广泛应用，CFRP构件的超高周疲劳问题逐渐凸显出来。本文采用超声三点弯曲疲劳试验系统对CFRP复合材料的损伤演化过程进行研究。结果表明：CFRP复合材料在超高周三点弯曲加载下的S-N曲线呈阶梯状，尤其在10⁸周次后，其疲劳强度明显下降。通过对CFRP复合材料在同一视场不同周次下的损伤过程进行分析，发现该材料在超高周加载下的损伤形貌主要表现为3种特征：纤维束交叉处基体损坏、近纤维束平行段基体空洞、基体贯穿，并随着加载周次的增加，其损伤过程也按照这3种特征依次呈现出来。     

空间高稳定碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构制备及性能

针对空间高稳定结构在极端环境下的灵敏度和稳定性需求，提出一种新型高稳定、高承载的轻质碳/碳(C/C)蜂窝夹层结构方案。碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构由化学气相渗透(CVI)致密化获得的整体碳/碳蜂窝和面板经胶粘剂粘接集成，通过评价蜂窝、面板以及夹层结构的内部质量、力学性能及热物理性能，展示了碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构在承载和尺度稳定性方面的优势。研究结果表明,典型特征碳/碳蜂窝承载性能稳定，平压强度＞10 MPa，L/W向剪切强度＞4 MPa，典型特征碳/碳蜂窝夹层结构热膨胀系数低，满足空间环境条件下面内热膨胀系数绝对值低于 1×10 -7 /℃的高稳定设计需求。     

三维编织炭纤维预制件压缩性实验研究

采用压缩实验对三维编织四向、五向和六向结构炭纤维预制件在受压时的厚度与纤维体积含量的变化和压缩参数进行了研究,得到了首次压缩后干湿态炭纤维预制件的最大纤维体积含量,以及干态炭纤维预制件3次压缩后的最终纤维体积含量.结果表明,预制件的干湿状态和受压缩次数对预制件的压缩性有显著影响.预制件在卸除载荷后发生部分回弹,各编织结构预制件的初始预制件体积压缩性随着压缩次数的增加而减小;从结构上看,各编织结构预制件的编织纱截面和轴纱截面形状在压缩后发生改变.     

炭/炭复合材料快速制备工艺研究进展

综合评述国内外研制的几种快速制备工艺:快速定向流动CVI工艺、压力强制流CVI工艺、复合感应加热热梯度CVI工艺、液相气化CVI工艺和直热CVI工艺等,阐述了其快速制备炭/炭复合材料的工艺原理和主要研究成果,并分析了目前炭/炭复合材料快速制备工艺研究中存在的问题及发展趋势。