碳纤维增强点阵夹芯结构的散热承载协同优化

在散热性能分析中,解析地给出了点阵夹芯结构的整体传热系数和等效压降,定义了散热性能指标.通过连续介质力学的方法和经典的层合理论,并通过串并联模型给出了碳纤维增强点阵夹芯结构整体的刚度特性.在满足既定的承载要求和一定的散热要求约束下,提出了一种对碳纤维增强点阵夹芯结构进行多功能优化设计的协同优化方法,在设计中采用了更符合工程实际的基于分枝定界法的混合离散优化方法,得到了夹芯结构质量函数的最小值,从而实现了轻质的目的.同时对不同结构形式的芯子做了相应的比较和分析,结果表明:金字塔型点阵夹芯结构在实现轻质的同时,具有较强的散热能力,而且承载能力更好,更为轻质高效.      

镀镍碳纳米管的制备及电磁性能

将碳纳米管经过纯化、敏化、活化处理后,采用化学镀方法制备镀镍碳纳米管,利用DSC分析出合适的热处理温度,然后在惰性气体保护下进行退火处理.利用TEM、EDS、XRD对退火前后镀镍碳纳米管的形貌、元素组成、结构进行表征.结果表明:碳纳米管表面被成功镀上了一层镍磷合金,热处理后镀层更光滑,并发生晶化反应得到晶态镍,使得电磁性能得到较大提升.电性能测试表明,镀镍碳纳米管的电导率为450 S/m,热处理后提高到1400 S/m.磁性能测试表明,镀镍碳纳米管热处理前后均表现为软磁性,热处理前饱和磁化强度为2.753 emu/g,热处理后提高到11.254 emu/g.     

The effects of CO2 on growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus) in hypobaria

Plants grown on long-term space missions will likely be grown in low pressure environments (i.e., hypobaria). However, in hypobaria the transpiration rates of plants can increase and may result in wilting if the water is not readily replaced. It is possible to reduce transpiration by increasing the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), but the effects of pCO₂ at high levels (>120 Pa) on the growth and transpiration of plants in hypobaria are not known. Therefore, the effects of pCO₂ on the growth and transpiration of radish (Raphanus sativus var. Cherry Bomb II) in hypobaria were studied. The fresh weight (FW), leaf area, dry weight (DW), CO₂ assimilation rates (C_A), dark respiration rates (DR), and transpiration rates from 26 day-old radish plants that were grown for an additional seven days at different total pressures (33, 66 or 101 kPa) and pCO₂ (40 Pa, 100 Pa and 180 Pa) were measured. In general, the dry weight of plants increased with CO₂ enrichment and with lower total pressure. In limiting pCO₂ (40 Pa) conditions, the transpiration for plants grown at 33 kPa was approximately twice that of controls (101 kPa total pressure with 40 Pa pCO₂). Increasing the pCO₂ from 40 Pa to 180 Pa reduced the transpiration rates for plants grown in hypobaria and in standard atmospheric pressures. However, for plants grown in hypobaria and high pCO₂ (180 Pa) leaf damage was evident. Radish growth can be enhanced and transpiration reduced in hypobaria by enriching the gas phase with CO₂ although at high levels leaf damage may occur.     

路径积分差分吸收激光雷达反演模型设计与测试

激光雷达作为主动探测手段,能够较好地弥补被动卫星(如OCO-2/3、GOSAT-1/2和Tan Sat等)的不足,实现高精度、全天候和全天时的观测。中国在2022年4月16日成功发射世界首颗基于主动理论探测二氧化碳柱浓度(XCO2)的激光雷达卫星。本文基于前期在秦皇岛的缩比飞行试验数据,围绕优化积分权重函数和优化差分吸收光学厚度两大核心要素,提出了基于光谱能量模型的算法框架。该框架旨在提高基于主动理论的星载激光雷达探测XCO2反演的精度。评估获得光谱能量模型在海上、陆地上的测距精度分别为0.74和6.20 m。论文的工作在10 s滑动平均值下,海洋、城市和山区的平均XCO2值分别为411.07、425.71、417.87 ppm,标准差分别为1.93、0.85、0.96 ppm。综上所述,光谱能量模型对我国发展基于差分吸收激光雷达的二氧化碳浓度算法具有重要的参考意义。     

碳纳米管悬浮液强化重力型平板热管性能的实验

以带有微槽道强化传热面的小型重力型平板热管蒸发器为研究对象,以水-多壁碳纳米管(CNT)组成的纳米悬浮液为工质,在不同运行压力和不同悬浮液质量浓度下对热管蒸发器的沸腾换热特性以及临界热通量(CHF)进行了实验研究.研究证明:以水-多壁碳纳米管组成的纳米悬浮液可以明显地强化重力型平板热管蒸发器的换热特性.沸腾换热系数强化率和CHF强化率随压力降低而大幅度增加.悬浮液质量浓度对沸腾换热系数和CHF也有重要影响,在低质量浓度时,沸腾换热系数和CHF随质量浓度增加而缓慢增加.但是在质量浓度超过2.0%时,质量浓度的影响基本消失.      

Pressure distribution guided supercritical wing optimization

Pressure distribution is important information for engineers during an aerodynamic design process. Pressure Distribution Oriented (PDO) optimization design has been proposed to introduce pressure distribution manipulation into traditional performance dominated optimization. In previous PDO approaches, constraints or manual manipulation have been used to obtain a desirable pressure distribution. In the present paper, a new Pressure Distribution Guided (PDG) method is developed to enable better pressure distribution manipulation while maintaining optimization efficiency. Based on the RBF-Assisted Differential Evolution (RADE) algorithm, a surrogate model is built for target pressure distribution features. By introducing individuals suggested by sub-optimization on the surrogate model into the population, the direction of optimal searching can be guided. Pressure distribution expectation and aerodynamic performance improvement can be achieved at the same time. The improvements of the PDG method are illustrated by comparing its design results and efficiency on airfoil optimization test cases with those obtained using other methods. Then the PDG method is applied on a dual-aisle airplane’s inner-board wing design. A total drag reduction of 8 drag counts is achieved.     

磁力研磨法去除燃油喷嘴积碳的试验研究

针对燃油喷嘴大修再制造中积碳难去除的问题。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析喷嘴表面积碳的微观形貌和成分组成，为磁力研磨技术去除积碳方法的确定和工艺研究奠定基础。从旋转磁场的产生原理、磁针在磁场中受力和磁针在磁场中运动三方面综合分析了磁力研磨法的材料去除机理。采用电磁研磨装置对喷嘴进行积碳去除试验，运用响应面分析法分析旋转磁场转速、磁针的型号尺寸和研磨时间的交互作用对材料去除量和表面粗糙度的影响规律，确定试验的最佳工艺参数。最优的工艺参数为：磁针型号尺寸Ø0.8 mm×5 mm，旋转磁场转速1 000 r/min，研磨时间40 min。通过微观形貌的观测以及表面应力检测分析，综合评价研磨后的喷嘴表面质量。结果表明，研磨后的喷嘴表面积碳基本去除，表面光滑，残余应力明显下降，金相组织完好。经过专业测试，研磨后的残余积碳小于技术要求规定值。采用磁力研磨技术，可以有效去除燃油喷嘴表面积碳，去除效率高，技术环保，满足绿色再制造的要求。     

碳-芳纶混杂正交三向复合材料疲劳性能实验研究

采用三维机织工艺结合树脂传递模塑(RTM)技术制备了两种碳-芳纶混杂正交三向复合材料,即z向纱均采用芳纶纤维,经纬纱分别为炭纤维和经纬纱间隔排列炭纤维和芳纶纤维的混杂正交三向复合材料,以恒定应力幅值、应力比和频率,开展了复合材料经向拉伸疲劳性能试验,通过与炭纤维复合材料的对比,分析了碳-芳纶混杂方式对复合材料拉伸疲劳性能(疲劳寿命、疲劳破坏特征和疲劳后强度/刚度)的影响。当z向纱选用芳纶纤维,面内经纬纱为炭纤维的混杂复合材料经向拉伸疲劳寿命表现出正混杂效应;当进一步混入芳纶纤维,面内经纬纱为炭纤维和芳纶纤维间隔排列正交三向复合材料疲劳寿命表现为负混杂效应,对疲劳刚度损失有一定的抑制作用。可见,炭纤维正交三向复合材料中引入芳纶纤维,对其复合材料拉伸疲劳性能有重要影响,通过设计纤维混杂方式和混杂比例可进一步提高复合材料疲劳性能。     

均化法对短炭纤维均匀化效果及C/C复合材料性能的影响

采用模压半炭化成型工艺和普通压力机,在大气环境下制备出了短炭纤维增强沥青炭基C/C复合材料.借助无级变速搅拌机、材料万能试验机和电子扫描显微镜,研究了均化法对短炭纤维均匀化效果和C/C复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,在所试验的6种分散剂中,含有CPB和PVA的分散液不仅对PAN基炭纤维的分散性能较好,而且对炭纤维、沥青粉和焦炭颗粒也具有良好的均匀化效果;均化法对C/C复合材料的抗压强度具有重要的影响,就C/C复合材料的力学性能、制备成本和作业环境而言,湿混法的综合性能最好.