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31.
Sergio Fabiani Enrico CostaRonaldo Bellazzini Alessandro BrezSergio Di Cosimo Francesco LazzarottoFabio Muleri Alda RubiniPaolo Soffitta Gloria Spandre 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012,49(1):143-149
The Sun is the nearest astrophysical source with a very intense emission in the X-ray band. The study of energetic events, such as solar flares, can help us to understand the behaviour of the magnetic field of our star. There are in the literature numerous studies published about polarization predictions, for a wide range of solar flares models involving the emission from thermal and/or non-thermal processes, but observations in the X-ray band have never been exhaustive.The gas pixel detector (GPD) was designed to achieve X-ray polarimetric measurements as well as X-ray images for far astrophysical sources. Here we present the possibility to employ this instrument for the observation of our Sun in the X-ray band. 相似文献
32.
M.C. Rabello-Soares Sylvain G. Korzennik J. Schou 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(6):861-867
Using full-disk observations obtained with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, we present variations of the solar acoustic mode frequencies caused by the solar activity cycle. High-degree (100 < ? < 900) solar acoustic modes were analyzed using global helioseismology analysis techniques over most of solar cycle 23. We followed the methodology described in details in [Korzennik, S.G., Rabello-Soares, M.C., Schou, J. On the determination of Michelson Doppler Imager high-degree mode frequencies. ApJ 602, 481–515, 2004] to infer unbiased estimates of high-degree mode parameters ([see also Rabello-Soares, M.C., Korzennik, S.G., Schou, J. High-degree mode frequencies: changes with solar cycle. ESA SP-624, 2006]). We have removed most of the known instrumental and observational effects that affect specifically high-degree modes. We show that the high-degree changes are in good agreement with the medium-degree results, except for years when the instrument was highly defocused. We analyzed and discuss the effect of defocusing on high-degree estimation. Our results for high-degree modes confirm that the frequency shift scaled by the relative mode inertia is a function of frequency and it is independent of degree. 相似文献
33.
Hardi Peter 《Space Science Reviews》1998,85(1-2):253-260
Ionization-diffusion mechanisms to understand the first ionization potential (FIP) fractionation as observed in the solar
corona and the solar wind are reviewed. The enrichment of the low-FIP elements (<10 eV) compared to the high-FIP elements,
seen in e.g. slow and fast wind or polar plumes, is explained. The behaviour of the heavy noble gases becomes understandable.
The absolute fractionation, i.e. in relation to hydrogen, can be calculated and fits well to the measurements. The theoretical
velocity-dependence of the fractionation will with used to determine the velocities of the solar wind in the chromosphere.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
34.
A. I. Efimov 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):397-402
Velocity measurements of the solar wind in the region of its acceleration were carried out in 1984 with Venera Orbiters using the following specific radio sounding techniques: (i) phase and frequency correlations from two or three widely-spaced ground stations; (ii) phase and frequency correlations from two spacecraft and two widely-spaced ground stations; (iii) two station two-way coherent Doppler measurements; (iv) determination of the break frequency in power spectra of intensity fluctuations. Our results are substantially lower than those derived from direct Doppler shift measurements of transition region and lower coronal resonance lines and those from measurements applying the Doppler dimming technique. 相似文献
35.
Alexander G. Kosovichev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(6):830-837
Solar and stellar activity is a result of complex interaction between magnetic field, turbulent convection and differential rotation in a star’s interior. Magnetic field is believed to be generated by a dynamo process in the convection zone. It emerges on the surface forming sunspots and starspots. Localization of the magnetic spots and their evolution with the activity cycle is determined by large-scale interior flows. Thus, the internal dynamics of the Sun and other stars hold the key to understanding the dynamo mechanism and activity cycles. Recently, significant progress has been made for modeling magnetohydrodynamics of the stellar interiors and probing the internal rotation and large-scale dynamics of the Sun by helioseismology. Also, asteroseismology is beginning to probe interiors of distant stars. I review key achievements and challenges in our quest to understand the basic mechanisms of solar and stellar activity. 相似文献
36.
Understanding properties of solar energetic particle (SEP) events associated with coronal mass ejections has been identified
as a key problem in solar-terrestrial physics. Although recent CME shock acceleration models are highly promising, detailed
agreement between theoretical predictions and observations has remained elusive. Recent observations from ACE have shown substantial
enrichments in the abundances of 3He and He+ ions which are extremely rare in the thermal solar wind plasma. Consequently, these ions act as tracers of their source material,
i.e.,
3He ions are flare suprathermals and He+ ions are interstellar pickup ions. The average heavy ion composition also exhibits unsystematic differences when compared
with the solar wind values, but correlates significantly with the ambient suprathermal material abundances. Taken together
these results provide compelling evidence that CME-driven shocks draw their source material from the ubiquitous but largely
unexplored suprathermal tail rather than from the more abundant solar wind peak. However, the suprathermal energy regime has
many more contributors and exhibits much larger variability than the solar wind, and as such needs to be investigated more
thoroughly. Answers to fundamental new questions regarding the preferred injection of the suprathermal ions, the spatial and
temporal dependence of the various sources, and the causes of their variability and their effects on the SEP properties are
needed to improve agreement between the simulations and observations. 相似文献
37.
S.A. Demin Y.A. Nefedyev A.O. Andreev N.Y. Demina S.F. Timashev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(2):639-644
The analysis of turbulent processes in sunspots and pores which are self-organizing long-lived magnetic structures is a complicated and not yet solved problem. The present work focuses on studying such magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) formations on the basis of flicker-noise spectroscopy using a new method of multi-parametric analysis. The non-stationarity and cross-correlation effects taking place in solar activity dynamics are considered. The calculated maximum values of non-stationarity factor may become precursors of significant restructuring in solar magnetic activity. The introduced cross-correlation functions enable us to judge synchronization effects between the signals of various solar activity indicators registered simultaneously. 相似文献
38.
Iñigo Arregui 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(2):655-672
In contrast to the situation in a laboratory, the study of the solar atmosphere has to be pursued without direct access to the physical conditions of interest. Information is therefore incomplete and uncertain and inference methods need to be employed to diagnose the physical conditions and processes. One of such methods, solar atmospheric seismology, makes use of observed and theoretically predicted properties of waves to infer plasma and magnetic field properties. A recent development in solar atmospheric seismology consists in the use of inversion and model comparison methods based on Bayesian analysis. In this paper, the philosophy and methodology of Bayesian analysis are first explained. Then, we provide an account of what has been achieved so far from the application of these techniques to solar atmospheric seismology and a prospect of possible future extensions. 相似文献
39.
本文分析了1981年4月27日的一个特大高能爆发。它在硬X射线(HXR)、γ射线和微波(MW)记录上显示一一对应的多脉冲结构。文中讨论了这些脉冲的寿命、时延与HXR的能量、MW的波长之间的关系,发现时延量与湍动加速所预期的值相符合。提出了各脉冲期间的谱呈软→硬→软的演化,可能是由高能电子受到加速的看法。还对产生HXR的高能电子的谱指数、电子总数和MW源区的磁场也作了估计。 相似文献
40.