低轨星载粒子探测器布局优化研究

基于卫星工具包(STK)、MATLAB软件和国际地磁参考场(IGRF)模型,对粒子探测器在低轨卫星任务中的投掷角测量范围进行了仿真,并给出了其探测器的星上布局优化方法。研究结果表明:粒子探测器的星上布局选择与任务的探测目标相关。如果探测目标是束缚在磁场中作弹跳运动的粒子,应将探测器在朝向卫星轨道坐标系±Y轴的基础上向卫星的前进方向偏转;如果探测目标是处于损失锥中的沉降粒子,应将探测器在朝向卫星轨道坐标系-Y轴的基础上向天顶方向偏转;为实现全投掷角探测范围的探测,要使用多个探测器通过构型布局优化进行联合探测。文章提出的投掷角测量范围分析与优化方法,可推广到多种轨道高度的粒子探测卫星总体设计中,为提升卫星的总体分析设计水平提供支持。     

航空发动机寿命延长控制综述

传统航空发动机控制系统设计,只关注发动机性能,而寿命延长控制(Life Extending Control,LEC)将发动机寿命纳入到发动机控制系统设计要求中,以期在控制系统中解决寿命问题.在总结国外相关文献的基础上,简要回顾了航空发动机寿命延长控制的研究背景和价值;详细阐述了发动机寿命延长控制实现策略及其关键技术;并对航空发动机寿命延长控制结构进行介绍,提出多级延寿控制系统结构以解决控制器冲突问题;结合国内状况,针对发动机寿命延长控制技术给出一些建议.     

An in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope (LIBS) for Chandrayaan-2 rover: Ablation kinetics and emissivity estimations

A miniaturized in situ laser induced breakdown spectroscope-LIBS is one of the two lunar rover payloads to be flown in India’s next lunar mission Chandrayaan-2, with an objective to carry-out a precise qualitative and quantitative elemental analyses of lunar regolith at the proximity of the landing region. As per the imposed mission constraints and the executed design optimization studies, a compact and light-weight LIBS prototype model is developed at our premises. This paper mainly concerns with the estimation of theoretical aspects; especially on evaluation of elemental ablation parameters and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for the designed instrument. Theoretical estimations and simulations yielded an incident laser power density of the order of 5 × 10¹⁰ W/cm² on the target surface at a defined lens-to-surface distance (LTSD) of 200 mm and revealed an SNR > 100 for most of the elements under consideration. This paper also addresses the impact of LTSD variation on detection capability. The estimation of plasma-temperatures was carried out utilizing the emission spectra obtained under high vacuum environments employing the LIBS laboratory model. Experimental investigations and the performed theoretical estimations asserted the successful operation of the configured LIBS instrument for in situ elemental analyses on lunar surface.     

A statistical study of post-flare-associated CME events

We present a statistical study of post-flare-associated CMEs (PFA-CMEs) during the period from 1996 to 2010. By investigating all CMEs and X-ray flares, respectively, in the LASCO and GOES archives, we found 15875 CMEs of which masses are well measured and 25112 X-ray flares of which positions are determined from their optical counterparts. Under certain temporal and spatial criteria of these CMEs and solar flare events, 291PFA-CMEs events have been selected. Linking the flare fluxes with CME speeds of these paired events, we found that there is a reasonable positive linear relation between the CME linear speed and associated flare flux. The results show also the CME width increases as the flux of its associated solar flare increases. Besides we found that there is a fine positive linear relation between the CME mass and its width. Matching the flare fluxes with CME masses of these paired events, we find the CME mass increases as the flux of its associated solar flare increases. Finally we find the PFA-CME events are in regular more decelerated than the other CMEs.     

The case for massive,evolving winds in black hole X-ray binaries

In the last decade, high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy has revolutionized our understanding of the role of accretion disk winds in black hole X-ray binaries. Here I present a brief review of the state of wind studies in black hole X-ray binaries, focusing on recent arguments that disk winds are not only extremely massive, but also highly variable. I show how new and archival observations at high timing and spectral resolution continue to highlight the intricate links between the inner accretion flow, relativistic jets, and accretion disk winds. Finally, I discuss methods to infer the driving mechanisms of observed disk winds and their implications for connections between mass accretion and ejection processes.     

推进剂贮箱锥柱形金属膜片的翻转特性研究

基于MSC.Marc非线性有限元软件,对推进剂贮箱锥柱形金属膜片的变形进行仿真研究。模拟了膜片的翻转变形过程,分析了膜片翻转变形规律和失效因素,提出了膜片有效稳定翻转的条件。     

Depth dose measurements with the Liulin-5 experiment inside the spherical phantom of the MATROSHKA-R project onboard the International Space Station

The Liulin-5 experiment is a part of the international project MATROSHKA-R on the Russian segment of the ISS, which uses a tissue-equivalent spherical phantom equipped with a set of radiation detectors. The objective of the MATROSHKA-R project is to provide depth dose distribution of the radiation field inside the sphere in order to get more information on the distribution of dose in a human body. Liulin-5 is a charged particle telescope using three silicon detectors. It measures time resolved energy deposition spectra, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra, particle flux, and absorbed doses of electrons, protons and heavy ions, simultaneously at three depths along the radius of the phantom. Measurements during the minimum of the solar activity in cycle 23 show that the average absorbed daily doses at 40 mm depth in the phantom are between 180 μGy/day and 220 μGy/day. The absorbed doses at 165 mm depth in the phantom decrease by a factor of 1.6–1.8 compared to the doses at 40 mm depth due to the self-shielding of the phantom from trapped protons. The average dose equivalent at 40 mm depth is 590 ± 32 μSV/day and the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contribute at least 70% of the total dose equivalent at that depth. Shown is that due to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) trapped protons asymmetry and the direction of Liulin-5 lowest shielding zone the dose rates on ascending and descending nodes in SAA are different. The data obtained are compared to data from other radiation detectors on ISS.     

Late stages of stellar evolution – Herschel’s contributions

Cool objects glow in the infrared. The gas and solid-state species that escape the stellar gravitational attraction of evolved late-type stars in the form of a stellar wind are cool, with temperatures typically ?1500 K, and can be ideally studied in the infrared. These stellar winds create huge extended circumstellar envelopes with extents approaching 10¹⁹${10}^{19}$ cm. In these envelopes, a complex kinematical, thermodynamical and chemical interplay determines the global and local structural parameters. Unraveling the wind acceleration mechanisms and deriving the complicated structure of the envelopes is important to understand the late stages of evolution of ∼97% of stars in galaxies as our own Milky Way. That way, we can also assess the significant chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium by the mass loss of these evolved stars. The Herschel Space Observatory is uniquely placed to study evolved stars thanks to the excellent capabilities of the three infrared and sub-millimeter instruments on board: PACS, SPIRE and HIFI. In this review, I give an overview of a few important results obtained during the first two years of Herschel observations in the field of evolved low and intermediate mass stars, and I will show how the Herschel observations can solve some historical questions on these late stages of stellar evolution, but also add some new ones.     

前置隔板对圆柱绕流影响的实验分析

对经典的圆柱绕流模型,运用前置隔板对流场进行控制。利用粒子图像测速(PIV)方法在自循环水槽中研究了雷诺数为1 800时,柔性和刚性2种不同刚度的前置隔板对圆柱绕流的影响。研究发现:柔性隔板自由端的弯曲增加了对流场的额外扰动,并且柔性隔板弯曲变形会诱导产生脱落涡,导致尾迹流场的主频发生变化。在圆柱下游流场,无隔板工况与柔性隔板工况的回流区长度相当,刚性隔板工况的回流区相较之下则更长。结果显示:前置隔板还能在一定程度上减小圆柱绕流的阻力。