直升机气动布局参数对飞行性能的推荐域分析

直升机气动布局参数对直升机的飞行性能有着显著的影响,使用多目标粒子群优化算法可以求解气动布局参数对飞行性能的推荐域,根据指标要求或者原准机型得到一组可以接受的飞行性能目标,求解直升机气动布局参数的推荐域,使得推荐域内气动布局参数组合的对应飞行性能不低于飞行性能目标,进而配合其它限制完成参数优化。根据这一方法对算例直升机的主旋翼轴、短翼和水平尾翼的气动布局参数进行分析,给出其对飞行性能的推荐域解集,表明该方法的有效性,并总结这些气动布局参数推荐域边界的主要规律。     

凹腔喷射超声速燃烧火焰结构实验研究

为加深对凹腔喷射超声速燃烧火焰结构的认识,利用OH基自发辐射成像和PLIF技术对凹腔上游横向喷注氢气的超声速燃烧流场进行研究.结果表明,火焰主要分布在凹腔剪切层附近及喷流内部,喷口附近没有火焰;燃料喷注当量比、燃料喷注位置及凹腔构型对火焰分布和火焰强度影响较大,在设计燃烧室时应加以考虑.     

任意运动变形边界流场测量PIV算法的研究：薄膜涡激振动

提出了一种精确测量任意运动变形边界流场的粒子图像速度场PIV算法,能智能识别强流固耦合问题流场测量中任意运动变形的边界信息,然后生成贴体自适应的图像互相关计算窗口,计算获取运动变形边界附近的速度场数据。这一算法可大大提高任意运动边界附近流场的测量精度,为流固耦合问题的理论分析和数值计算验证提供可靠的高质量实验数据。针对数字合成给定流场的粒子图像序列,采用所发展的PIV算法对粒子图像区域中的运动变形边界进行了精确识别,高质量地复现了原始流场信息。最后,对低速闭式循环水洞中的钝体尾流柔性薄膜涡激振动现象进行了PIV实验测量,获得了柔性薄膜大变形运动状态下的瞬态流场特征。     

SOHO contribution to the understanding of mass supply and flows in the solar corona

We expect a variety of dynamic phenomena in the quiescent non-flaring corona. Plasma flows, such as siphon flows or convective flows of chromospheric material evaporating into the corona, are expected whenever a pressure differences is established either between the footpoints or between the coronal and chromospheric segments of a coronal loop. Such flows can induce phenomena of spatial and temporal brightness variability of the corona. In particular, evaporation induces a net mass input into the corona and consequently coronal density enhancements. Flows are also expected in the regions where energy is released during magnetic reconnection. From the observational point of view the dynamics of the solar atmosphere has been investigated in great detail mostly in the lower transition region with the HRTS, and during flares with theSolar Maximum Mission andYohkoh. The high spectral, temporal and spatial resolution of theSOHO ultraviolet spectrometers should enable us in the near future to fill the gap providing a continuous coverage from the chromosphere to the corona, in the 10⁴–10⁶ K domain, and therefore to best study the dynamics throughout the solar atmosphere.     

Trace — The transition region and coronal explorer

TRACE is a single-instrument solar mission that will be put into a Sunsynchronous polar orbit and will obtain continuous solar observations for about 8 months per year. It will collect images of solar plasmas at temperatures from 10⁴ to 10⁷ K, with 1-arcsec spatial resolution and excellent temporal resolution and continuity. With such data, we expect to gain a new understanding of many solar and stellar problems ranging from coronal heating to impulsive magnetohydrodynamic phenomena.     

3D—PDA测量2相流场时散射粒子的选择

应用激光技术测量流体速度时，需要合适的散射粒子。本文研究了激光三维粒子动态分析仪（３Ｄ－ＰＤＡ）测量２相流场速度时，如何选择合适散射粒子的问题。研究结果表明，散射粒子的合理选择是保证测量精度的重要措施之一；测量湍流脉动较强流场时，应选用密度小、直径小、折射率大的粒子作散射粒子，并选择合适的粒子散播浓度。     

喷管流场和羽流场的N－S数值模拟

利用时间推进的方法，通过求解可压缩的、雷诺平均的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，并利用Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ两层代数湍流模型和Ｐｒａｎｄｔｌ混合长度模型，数值模拟了飞机和火箭发动机喷管的内流和羽流，获得了喷管内流场和羽流场的参数分布，计算结果与试验结果及国外研究成果一致。网格划分采用了自适应网格技术。     

A new method of single celestial-body sun positioning based on theory of mechanisms

Considering defects of current single celestial-body positioning methods such as discon-tinuity and long period, a new sun positioning algorithm is herein put forward. Instead of tradi-tional astronomical spherical trigonometry and celestial coordinate system, the proposed new positioning algorithm is built by theory of mechanisms. Based on previously derived solar vector equations (from a C1R2P2 series mechanism), a further global positioning method is developed by inverse kinematics. The longitude and latitude coordinates expressed by Greenwich mean time (GMT) and solar vector in local coordinate system are formulated. Meanwhile, elimination method of multiple solutions, errors of longitude and latitude calculation are given. In addition, this algo-rithm has been integrated successfully into a mobile phone application to visualize sun positioning process. Results of theoretical verification and smart phone’s test demonstrate the validity of pre-sented coordinate’s expressions. Precision is shown as equivalent to current works and is acceptable to civil aviation requirement. This new method solves long-period problem in sun sight running fix-ing and improves applicability of sun positioning. Its methodology can inspire development of new sun positioning device. It would be more applicable to be combined with inertial navigation systems for overcoming discontinuity of celestial navigation systems and accumulative errors of inertial nav-igation systems.     

Partition method for improvement of piecewise linear model with full envelope covered

Since ambient conditions vary in a wide range within the full flight envelope, the existing piecewise linear model (PLM), which is based on sea-level static condition with use of corrected parameters for other points in the flight envelope, cannot meet the accuracy for replacing the nonlinear model. To obtain more accurate linear models, a method of partitioning the flight envelope over a grid of Mach number and altitude boxes was suggested. Then, a set of linear models for a given operating condition was selected by picking the nearest (Mach number, altitude) box in the flight envelope. Through the selected set of linear models, interpolating for power level based on a weighted sum of corrected rotor speeds can obtain a linear model with acceptable accuracy. Simulation results of different points within the full flight envelope showed that the maximum error between nonlinear model and the existing PLM was more than 50%, while the maximum error between nonlinear model and the improved PLM was within 8%. It is concluded that the improved PLM performs accurately, especially under the non-standard conditions. In addition, the improved PLM can satisfy the real-time requirement better than the existing PLM.      

玻纤增强树脂基复合材料声发射研究

纤维复合材料作为优异性能复合材料的代表在各行业得到越来越广泛的应用,其检测以及评价方法也随之得到广泛的关注与应用。通过对玻璃纤维环氧树脂复合材料拉伸加载,在加载过程中用声发射设备采集数据,利用声发射计数与载荷、时间间的相互关系对玻璃纤维复合材料进行评价,得到玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料声发射的临界载荷以及强度等信息与声发射撞击计算之间的关系。