Simulation Techniques for Cosmological Simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.     

前苏联可靠性工程的几个特点

与美，英体系相比、前苏联可靠性工程独具特点，对可靠性保证概念；可靠性工程与产品故障机理分析相结合；可靠性分析与系统功能分析相结合；可靠性工程与相关学科相结合；注重工程实用与ＣＡＤ化等五个方面进行了阐述，并强调了研究和借鉴前苏联可靠性工程的重要性。     

Spectroscopic analysis of the solar flare event on 2002 August 3 with the use of RHESSI and RESIK data

We use simultaneous observations from RESIK and RHESSI instruments to compare plasma properties of a major solar flare in its rise and gradual phase. This event occurred on 2002 August 3 (peak time at 19:06 UT). The flare had a very good coverage with RESIK data and well-resolved soft and hard X-ray sources were seen in RHESSI images. Spectra of X-ray radiation from RHESSI images are studied and compared with RESIK measurements in different flare phases. Result shows large differences in flare morphology and spectra between flare rise and gradual phase.     

PSD器件及其在精密测量中的应用

ＰＳＤ器件是近几年出现的一种新型位置探测器，可直接用来测量角度、高度、距离及运动，本文介绍了ＰＳＤ器件的工作，给出了三种ＰＳＤ器件的等电路和坐标位置电流函数表达式，并就ＰＳＤ器件在位移和三维运动测量中应用方式和应用范围进行了讨论。     

超音通流风扇叶栅流场数值模拟

用矢通量分裂法求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程和Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程，对超音通流风扇叶栅流场进行了数值模拟，由计算结果给出的物理图象表明，叶栅通道内没有强激波，亦未出现分离回流，全叶栅流场均为超音速，说明计算的两种叶型符合设计要求，其性能有待实验检验。     

Bi_(1.9)Pb_(0.3)Sr_(2.0)Ca_(1.7)Mg_(0.3)Cu_(3.1)O_x 超导块材弱连接区的低磁场性

通过对在不同外磁场下Ｂｉ１．９Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｒ２．０Ｃａ１．７Ｍｇ０．３Ｃｕ３．１Ｏｘ超导块材的交流磁化率的测量，获得了样品内晶粒间和晶粒内对外场的不问响应范围．通过与粉状样品实验结果的比较和Ｘ光分析，认为块状样品在温度为１００Ｋ左右出现的抗磁台阶是样品内晶粒间超导弱连接的一种抗磁效应．对弱连接区有效钉扎力Ｆｐ和临界电流密度Ｊｃ与外场Ｈ的关系进行了讨论．     

Report on the Kiso cometary dust trail survey

Cometary dust trails were first observed by IRAS; they are widely known to be the origins of meteoric showers. A new window has been opened for the study of dust trails, using ground-based observations. We succeeded in obtaining direct images of the 22P/Kopff dust trail with the Kiso 1.05-m Schmidt telescope. Following this initial success, we have continued to perform a dust trail survey at Kiso. As a result of this survey, we have detected dust trails along the orbit of six periodic comets, between February 2002 and March 2004. The optical depth of these dust trails are 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁸, which is consistent with IRAS measurements. In this paper, we describe the observations and data reduction procedures, and report the brief result obtained between February 2002 and March 2004.     

基于视觉注意力分配的飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局优化

以优化飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局设计为目的,提出了一种基于飞行员视觉注意力分配的布局优化模型。首先分析了计算机辅助三维交互应用软件(Computer aided three-dimensional interactive application,CATIA)中的可视域分析模块,给出不同视野区域的可视性等级,并对驾驶舱人机界面所在的视野范围进行栅格化处理;然后用G1法分析人机界面上各个设备的重要程度,并给予定量赋值;最后建立以飞机驾驶舱人机界面布局的视觉注意分配达到最优为目标函数的优化模型,并引入带有惯性权重的粒子群算法进行模型的求解。利用飞机模拟驾驶舱的人机界面布局为例,进行模型验证,结果表明该模型具有一定的可行性。     

涡轮基组合循环发动机分布式控制系统通信网络混合拓扑结构优化方法

涡轮机组合循环(Turbine based combined cycle,TBCC)发动机控制系统通信网络拓扑结构是其分布式控制系统方案设计的重要部分,优化网络拓扑结构可提高发动机推重比和控制系统可靠性。本文基于智能优化算法提出TBCC分布式控制系统网络拓扑结构优化方法。基于图论建立TBCC几何模型和网格模型,以重量和可靠性为优化性能指标,同时考虑发动机表面高温区域以及控制节点的工作可靠性,分别采用粒子群算法和遗传算法优化星形结构中智能中央节点位置、中央节点的环形拓扑结构,获得星形-环形混合拓扑结构。仿真实例表明,基于本文方法优化所得的混合拓扑结构相较于星形集中式控制结构,系统重量降低了51.9%。     

新能源接入配电网经济性与可靠性优化研究

为寻求新能源配电网的可靠性和经济性最优,实现新能源电源的优化配置,本文提出将可靠性和经济性同时作为两个优化目标,运用自适应粒子群优化法,对新能源电源进行多目标优化配置。以IEEE-RBTS Bus 6主馈线F4为例,通过系统仿真找到新能源配电系统可靠性与经济较均衡的Pareto最优解集,可根据决策者的偏好选择最优方案。本文的研究为新能源电力系统可靠性和经济评估提供了一个新的研究思路。