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211.
China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.  相似文献   
212.
One test rig with three blades and two Under-Platform Dampers (UPDs) is established to better understand the dynamical behavior of blades with UPDs. A pre-loaded spring is used to simulate the centrifugal load acting on the damper, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the pressing load. UPDs with different forms, sizes and materials are carefully designed as experimental control groups. Noncontact measurement via a laser Doppler velocimeter is employed and contact excitation which is performed by an electromagnetic exciter is adopted to directly obtain the magnitude of the excitation load by a force sensor mounted on the excitation rod. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the contact status of the contact surfaces, e.g. the pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the effective contact area of the UPDs. The experimental variables are selected as the centrifugal force, the amplitude of the excitation force, the damper mass, the effective contact area, and the damper material. The Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the blade under different experimental parameters is obtained by slow frequency sweep under sinusoidal excitation to study the influence of each parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the blade and the mechanism analysis is carried out combined with the experimental results.  相似文献   
213.
塑料与纸包装材料的生命周期评价研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
由于塑料在自然界中的难降解,“以纸代塑”引起人们的关注,然而生命周期的评价结构表明,纸在环境保护方面并不具有优势,本文采用简式生命周期矩阵对这两种包装材料进行了分析和评价。  相似文献   
214.
基于模糊理论的遮阳罩结构可靠性评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文探讨了基于模糊理论的结构可靠性评估。运用模糊可靠度理论对遮阳罩可靠度进行了评估和设计,在保证系统结构可靠度的同时,有效的降低了结构的质量,实现了预期的结构优化。  相似文献   
215.
对地观测卫星太阳同步轨道的快速设计方法   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
对地观测卫星轨道具有全球目标覆盖和太阳同步两种特性,通过设计轨道周期和轨道倾角可以获得这些特性,为此,给出了一种能十分简便,快速地完成轨道初步设计的方法,为轨道精密复算和开展卫星姿态控制等分系统设计提供技术支持,此外还揭示了星载探测仪器在地面上产生的扫描带的分布排列规律,分析了轨道衰减和复升问题,最后给出一个算例。  相似文献   
216.
为了让火星巡视器在有限的寿命内能获得更多的科学产出,需要提高巡视器在火星表面的自主通过能力,而火星表面地貌类型是评估巡视器可通过性的重要信息。因此,提出了融合伽马变换的全卷积神经网络(FCN)火星表面地貌分割算法。首先,考虑对巡视器通过性的影响,确认地貌分类的类型,基于好奇号拍摄的火星地表图像Mars32K数据库,构建地貌分割数据集;其次,使用自适应伽马变换(AGT)对灰度单一的火星图像进行预处理,减弱了光照等因素干扰;最后,利用数据集训练一个FCN,以实现对火星表面地貌的分割预测。仿真结果表明:网络测试准确率达到83.03%,地形分割预测结果可靠,验证了方法的可行性。  相似文献   
217.
A new fast learning algorithm was presented to solve the large-scale support vector machine ( SVM ) training problem of aero-engine fault diagnosis.The relative boundary vectors ( RBVs ) instead of all the original training samples were used for the training of the binary SVM fault classifiers.This pruning strategy decreased the number of final training sample significantly and can keep classification accuracy almost invariable.Accordingly , the training time was shortened to 1 / 20compared with basic SVM classifier.Meanwhile , owing to the reduction of support vector number , the classification time was also reduced.When sample aliasing existed , the aliasing sample points which were not of the same class were eliminated before the relative boundary vectors were computed.Besides , the samples near the relative boundary vectors were selected for SVM training in order to prevent the loss of some key sample points resulted from aliasing.This can improve classification accuracy effectively.A simulation example to classify 5classes of combination fault of aero-engine gas path components was finished and the total fault classification accuracy reached 96.1%.Simulation results show that this fast learning algorithm is effective , reliable and easy to be implemented for engineering application.  相似文献   
218.
直流磁控溅射ZnO:Al薄膜的光电和红外发射特性   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
以锌、铝合金(ω(Al)=3%)为靶材,利用直流反应磁控溅射法制备了系列掺铝氧化锌ZnO:Al(ZAO)薄膜样品,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、分光光度计、霍耳效应及红外发射率测量仪等测试仪器或方法表征了样品的结构、形貌、光学、电学及红外发射特性.测得样品最低电阻率达到1.8×10-6(Ω·m),最大禁带宽度为3.47?eV,可见光区平均透过率达到90%,8~14?μm波段平均红外发射率在0.26~0.9之间.上述特性均随衬底温度和溅射功率的变化有着规律的变化.当方块电阻小于45?Ω时,薄膜在8~14?μm波段平均红外发射率与方块电阻遵循二阶函数变化规律.  相似文献   
219.
We discuss millisecond period brightness oscillations and surface atomic spectral lines observed during type I X-ray bursts from a neutron star in a low mass X-ray binary system. We show that modeling of these phenomena can constrain models of the dense cold matter at the cores of neutron stars. We demonstrate that, even for a broad and asymmetric spectral line, the stellar radius-to-mass ratio can be inferred to better than 5%. We also fit our theoretical models to the burst oscillation data of the low mass X-ray binary XTE J1814-338, and find that the 90% confidence lower limit of the neutron star’s dimensionless radius-to-mass ratio is 4.2.  相似文献   
220.
Clusters of galaxies are self-gravitating systems of mass ∼1014–1015 h −1 M and size ∼1–3h −1 Mpc. Their mass budget consists of dark matter (∼80%, on average), hot diffuse intracluster plasma (≲20%) and a small fraction of stars, dust, and cold gas, mostly locked in galaxies. In most clusters, scaling relations between their properties, like mass, galaxy velocity dispersion, X-ray luminosity and temperature, testify that the cluster components are in approximate dynamical equilibrium within the cluster gravitational potential well. However, spatially inhomogeneous thermal and non-thermal emission of the intracluster medium (ICM), observed in some clusters in the X-ray and radio bands, and the kinematic and morphological segregation of galaxies are a signature of non-gravitational processes, ongoing cluster merging and interactions. Both the fraction of clusters with these features, and the correlation between the dynamical and morphological properties of irregular clusters and the surrounding large-scale structure increase with redshift. In the current bottom-up scenario for the formation of cosmic structure, where tiny fluctuations of the otherwise homogeneous primordial density field are amplified by gravity, clusters are the most massive nodes of the filamentary large-scale structure of the cosmic web and form by anisotropic and episodic accretion of mass, in agreement with most of the observational evidence. In this model of the universe dominated by cold dark matter, at the present time most baryons are expected to be in a diffuse component rather than in stars and galaxies; moreover, ∼50% of this diffuse component has temperature ∼0.01–1 keV and permeates the filamentary distribution of the dark matter. The temperature of this Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) increases with the local density and its search in the outer regions of clusters and lower density regions has been the quest of much recent observational effort. Over the last thirty years, an impressive coherent picture of the formation and evolution of cosmic structures has emerged from the intense interplay between observations, theory and numerical experiments. Future efforts will continue to test whether this picture keeps being valid, needs corrections or suffers dramatic failures in its predictive power.  相似文献   
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