防烟供氧面罩漏气系数试验系统的设计及应用

介绍了防烟供氧面罩漏气系数试验系统的设计与试验原理。该系统采用单元分体式结构，将气路、油路、机械各部分集成于一体，在软件作用下，通过电气电路，控制油雾的产生，保证油雾发生的流量，控制油雾室浓度的高低，控制取样流量的大小，并通过油雾浊度仪读取检测数据，完成试验过程的自动控制。     

基于人工神经网络的停机坪安全预警研究

停机坪是机场的重要组成部分,停机坪安全是机场安全关注的重点。影响停机坪安全作业的要素有很多,通过对这些要素进行监控和预警,可以减少停机坪的安全隐患,保证机场正常运行。根据济南遥墙机场的主要数据,运用因子分析法对影响停机坪安全的主要因素进行分类,提取公共因子。并运用人工神经网络（ANN）方法,对这些公共因子进行神经网络训练和预测分析,最终得到遥墙机场停机坪的安全情况。     

An Artificial Neural Network based approach for estimation of rain intensity from spectral moments of a Doppler Weather Radar

By using a Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) at Shriharikota (13.66°N & 80.23°E), an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of rain intensity estimation. Three spectral moments of a Doppler spectra are utilized as an input data to an ANN. Rain intensity, as measured by the tipping bucket rain gauges around the DWR station, are considered as a target values for the given inputs. Rain intensity as estimated by the developed ANN model is validated by the rain gauges measurements. With the help of a developed technique, reasonable improvement in the estimation of rain intensity is observed. By using the developed technique, root mean square error and bias are reduced in the range of 34–18% and 17–3% respectively, compared to Z–R approach.     

民用飞机试飞阶段人为因素适航审定技术研究

随着飞机各系统可靠性的不断提高,人为失误逐渐成为系统失效或造成飞行事故的主要因素,已成为设计及适航审定部门关注的重难点问题.当前国内外对于如何验证人为因素是否满足相关适航条款的要求仍处于理论探索阶段.针对上述问题,基于CCAR-25部条款分析试飞阶段民用飞机人为因素适航审定过程,包括基于SHELL模型及T.E.S.T矩阵的人为因素审定条款筛选,基于MOC5&MOC6的试验机符合性验证方法,并基于模糊评判方法给出数据分析实例.本文提出的人为因素适航审定思路及验证方法具有一定创新性,已在试飞阶段ARJ21-700飞机上初步应用,可为后续C919等民用飞机人为因素设计和适航审定提供技术支持和方法保证.     

不同钝体宽度下的驻涡燃烧室排放试验

为了研究空气流量分配对驻涡燃烧室对排放特性的影响,了解对驻涡燃烧室内污染物生成的过程及其影响因素,设计了一个能够改变中心钝体宽度、仅凹腔供油的驻涡燃烧室.在常压下对该驻涡燃烧室进行了排放特性试验,进口温度保持200℃.试验中,燃烧室进口马赫数为0.15~0.3.影响排放的因素主要包括雾化质量、凹腔当量比以及与进口马赫数相关的驻留时间等.总体来说雾化质量、凹腔当量比的提高对降低CO和HC的排放是有利的,但是这会使NOx排放增加.在低凹腔当量比时,CO排放曲线变化下降比较平缓,甚至出现上升趋势,而HC排放曲线比较陡峭.这是由于HC的消耗速度比CO消耗速度快,随着凹腔当量比的增加,供油压力提高,燃油雾化粒径变小,燃油蒸发时间缩短,使HC排放快速减少,中间产物CO大量产生而来不及消耗.凹腔当量比进一步上升时,由于燃烧温度的提高,使得CO排放快速减少.在燃烧室内燃烧过程中,NOx的形成和消耗是非常复杂的过程,目前只能作一些定性的分析,而CO和HC的反应过程相对简单.通过对不同钝体槽宽下,具有相似凹腔前壁流量的工况的比较,发现CO和HC的形成主要受凹腔内工作状况影响,而NOx的形成过程更复杂,主流也对其产生着重要的影响.      

基于三维裂纹尖端应力场的应力强度因子计算方法

提出一种基于无限大体裂纹尖端弹性应力场理论解的前几项多项式函数,对实际裂纹体弹性应力场有限元解进行拟合来计算应力强度因子的方法.该方法在计算应力强度因子时不需要预先假设裂纹尖端的应力应变状态,应力强度因子计算结果更符合三维裂纹体裂纹尖端实际的应力应变状态.首先基于二维无限大板中心穿透裂纹应力场理论解验证了方法的有效性,探讨了拟合确定应力强度因子需要的多项式应力函数的项数.然后分别以二维大板中心穿透裂纹、三维大体内埋圆裂纹和三维有限厚板中心穿透裂纹的应力强度因子计算为例,通过与无限大板和无限大体应力强度因子理论解以及基于位移外推法和1/4节点张开位移法的应力强度因子有限元解的对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性和合理性.研究表明该方法能够合理反映三维裂纹体裂纹尖端的实际应力应变状态,计算得到的应力强度因子数值更合理.      

Analyses toward factors influencing sealing clearance of a metal rubber seal and derivation of a calculation formula

Sealing clearance is a key factor for a metal rubber seal’s sealability. The expansion coef-ficient and expansion deformation in the radial direction of metal rubber have been obtained through a thermal expansion experiment of metal rubber. The influence of the elastic modulus to the sealing clearance has been analyzed theoretically. By combining the temperature and elasticity factors of metal rubber with the elastic mechanics theory, the calculation formula of the sealing clearance has been derived, and the values of the sealing clearance and the leakage rate in certain working conditions have been calculated. Experimental results are consistent with calculation results in a high degree. The calculation formula of the sealing clearance can explain the influences of the temperature and elastic modulus factors of metal rubber on the sealing clearance. It can pro-vide guidance for the study of sealing mechanism of metal rubber seals.     

高湍流度时全气膜涡轮叶片表面冷却和换热特性的实验研究

为获得高主流湍流度时全气膜涡轮叶片表面的冷却和换热特性,在跨声速风洞中实验研究了质量流量比(MFR)和主流雷诺数(Re)对叶片表面气膜冷却效率和换热系数比的影响。在叶片前缘布置了5排圆形孔,在吸力面和压力面分别布置了3排和6排圆形孔,实验结果由嵌入在叶片中截面的热电偶测得。实验中基于弦长的主流雷诺数的范围为3.0×105～9.0×105,叶栅出口马赫数Ma为0.8, MFR的范围是5.5%～12.5%,主流湍流度Tu为14.7%。实验结果表明:主流雷诺数升高显著增强了叶片表面的换热,使层流边界层到湍流边界层的转捩位置提前。对于吸力面S/C0.2的区域(S/C为当地弧长与弦长之比),气膜冷却效率受MFR影响明显,当MFR大于7.7%时提高MFR会导致气膜冷却效率降低;该区域的换热系数比在中低雷诺数时受MFR影响较小,在高雷诺数时随MFR升高而升高。压力面S/C-0.7区域的气膜冷却效率随MFR升高而升高,-0.7S/C-0.4区域的气膜冷却效率受MFR影响较小,对于整个压力面而言,MFR升高提高了叶片表面的换热系数。相对于叶片其它区域,压力面后半段区域和吸力面的气膜冷却效率受雷诺数影响较大。     

Experimental investigations of the spray structure and interactions between sectors of a double-swirl low-emission combustor

In this paper, the spray characteristics of a double-swirl low-emission combustor are analyzed by using Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technologies in an optical three-sector combustor test rig. Interactions between sectors and the influence of main stage swirl intensity on spray structure are explained. The results illustrate that the swirl intensity has great effect on the flow field and spray structure. The spray cone angle is bigger when the swirl number is 0.7, 0.9 than that when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel distribution zone is larger and the distribution is more uniform when the swirl number is 0.5. The fuel concentration in the center area of the center plane of side sector (Plane 5) is larger than that of the center plane of middle sector (Plane 1). The spray cone angle in Plane 5 is larger than that in Plane 1. The width of spray cone becomes larger with the increase of Fuel–Air Ratio (FAR), whereas the spray cone angle under different fuel–air ratios are absolutely the same. The results of the mechanism of spray organization in this study can be used to support the design of new low-emission combustor.     

基于实测数据的疲劳寿命分散系数取值研究

随着基准谱、严重谱编制研究的深入,利用实测数据编制载荷谱在编谱方法和分散系数取值等方面需 求愈发迫切。从正态概率分布理论出发,讨论影响疲劳寿命分散系数取值的主要因素;针对基准谱和严重谱之 间的差异性,提出基准谱和严重谱的折算思路和方法,并通过实测数据编制的基准谱和严重谱折算系数进行比 较分析。结果表明：采用本文方法可以实现基准谱与严重谱之间损伤分散系数的折算取值。