临边昏暗在恒星角直径测量中的影响

讨论了恒星临力昏暗在恒星角直径测量中的影响。研究表明,相对于二项式近似而言,ＵＤ模型和线性模型均对恒星角直径测量有所低估,在线性临力昏暗系数较小时,这种影最大,ＵＤ和一近似与二项式近似的差别最多分别达２５．５％和１２．６％;而在线性系数值趋近于１时,其相互差别随之可以忽略。而新旧线性临边近似之间对于恒星角直径测量的影响似乎并不很大。最后我们认为非线性临边昏暗效应的影响不可忽略。     

基于摄动轨道的卫星自主天文导航仿真研究

针对星光折射间接敏感地平的卫星自主天文导航方法 ,利用推广的卡尔曼滤波方法进行仿真研究。为了准确建立运动模型 ,在系统方程中引入了非球形地球引力中的二阶带谐项 ;在考虑具有指数密度的球状分层大气的基础上 ,建立了以星光视高度为观测量的量测方程。在建立了推广的卡尔曼滤波方程后 ,文章进行了计算机仿真 ,并对仿真结果进行了详细的误差分析 ,结果表明基于摄动轨道的星光折射间接敏感地平的卫星自主天文导航方法能取得较高的导航精度     

The variability of eta Car: A tool for the LBV phenomenon

We discuss the historical light curve of the most peculiar superluminous star Car, and the spectroscopic variations during the last 100 y. After the nova-like spectral evolution following the 1889 light maximum, the star underwent many shell episodes which were characterized by a large fading of the higher ionization emission lines. We describe the most recent 1992 event when the Hei and [Nii] emission lines nearly faded out, and a broad P Cygni absorption appeared in the Hi and Hei lines. A recurrence time of about 5 years is suggested from the times of the spectroscopic episodes and the IR light curve. The results are discussed in the light of possible models.     

Alfvén waves as a driving mechanism in stellar winds

Alfvén waves have been invoked as an important mechanism of particle acceleration in stellar winds of cool stars. After their identification in the solar wind they started to be studied in winds of stars located in different regions of the HR diagram. We discuss here some characteristics of these waves and we present a direct application in the acceleration of late-type stellar winds.     

MHD oscillations in solar and stellar coronae: Current results and perspectives

Wave and oscillatory activity is observed with modern imaging and spectral instruments in the visible light, EUV, X-ray and radio bands in all parts of the solar corona. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave theory gives satisfactory interpretation of these phenomena in terms of MHD modes of coronal structures. The paper reviews the current trends in the observational study of coronal oscillations, recent development of theoretical modelling of MHD wave interaction with plasma structures, and implementation of the theoretical results for the mode identification. Also the use of MHD waves for remote diagnostics of coronal plasmas is discussed. In particular, the applicability of this method to the estimation of the coronal magnetic field is demonstrated.     

一种星光折射卫星自主导航系统方案设计

利用星光折射间接敏感地平的卫星自主导航方案具有导航精度高、自主性强的特点,是一种极具应用潜力的自主导航方案。在基于星光折射的自主导航方案中,折射星的准确识别与折射角的精确获取是实现高精度导航的基础。提出了一种基于双星敏感器,利用连续高度星图模拟与匹配技术实现高精度折射星识别和折射角获取的方法,并在此基础上设计了一种新颖的基于星光折射的卫星自主导航系统方案。同时,为了验证该方案的可行性,设计了相关的折射星仿真程序,以轨道高度为686km的对地观测卫星为例进行计算机仿真验证,结果表明在星敏感器精度为3″时,该导航系统平均位置误差约为145m,最大位置误差不超过400m。     

基于非开普勒轨道的高超声速临近空间飞行器自主天文导航研究

针对航天器自主导航方法不适合高超声速临近空间飞行器的问题, 研究了基于非开普勒轨道的高超声速临近空间飞行器自主天文导航方案. 论述了基于非开普勒轨道的自主天文导航机理, 通过对高超声速临近空间飞行器受力分析, 建立了动力学方程; 利用矢量倒数法则推导出空间运动方程; 设计了基于非开普勒轨道的状态模型和基于星光折射间接敏感地平的观测模型, 采用卡尔曼滤波进行了仿真验证. 仿真结果表明, 基于非开普勒轨道的高超声速临近空间飞行器自主天文导航可达到较高的位置和速度精度.      

On deterministic chaos,stationarity, periodicity and intermittency in coronal bursts and flares

Solar and stellar flares are highly structured in space and in time, as is indicated for example by their radio signatures: the narrowband spikes, type III, type II and IV, and pulsation events. Structured in time are also the not flare related type I events (noise storms). The nature of this observationally manifest fragmentation is still not clear. Either, it can be due to stochastic boundary or initial conditions of the respective processes, such as inhomogeneities in the coronal plasma. Or else, a deterministic non-linear process is able to cause complicated patterns of these kinds.We investigate the nature of the fragmentation in time. The properties of processes we enquire are stationarity, periodicity, intermittency, and, with dimension estimating methods, we try to discriminate between stochastic and low-dimensional deterministic processes. Since the measured time series are rather short, the dimension estimate methods have to be used with care: we have developed an extended dimension estimate procedure consisting of five steps. Among others, it comprises again the questions of stationarity and intermittency, but also the more technical problems of temporal correlations, judging scaling and convergence, and limited number of data points (statistical limits).We investigate 3 events of narrowband spikes, 13 type III groups, 10 type I storms, 3 type II bursts and 1 type IV event of solar origin, and 3 pulsation-like events of stellar origin. They have in common that all of them have stationary phases, periodicities are rather seldom, and intermittency is quite abundant. However, the burst types turn out to have different characteristics. None of the investigated time series reveals a low-dimensional behaviour. This implies that they originate from complex processes having dimensions (degrees of freedom) larger than about 4 to 6, which includes infinity,i. e. stochasticity. The lower limit of the degrees of freedom is inferred from numerical experiments with known chaotic systems, using time series of similar lengths, and it depends slightly on the burst types.     

Autonomous satellite navigation using starlight refraction angle measurements

An on-board autonomous navigation capability is required to reduce the operation costs and enhance the navigation performance of future satellites. Autonomous navigation by stellar refraction is a type of autonomous celestial navigation method that uses high-accuracy star sensors instead of Earth sensors to provide information regarding Earth’s horizon. In previous studies, the refraction apparent height has typically been used for such navigation. However, the apparent height cannot be measured directly by a star sensor and can only be calculated by the refraction angle and an atmospheric refraction model. Therefore, additional errors are introduced by the uncertainty and nonlinearity of atmospheric refraction models, which result in reduced navigation accuracy and reliability. A new navigation method based on the direct measurement of the refraction angle is proposed to solve this problem. Techniques for the determination of the refraction angle are introduced, and a measurement model for the refraction angle is established. The method is tested and validated by simulations. When the starlight refraction height ranges from 20 to 50 km, a positioning accuracy of better than 100 m can be achieved for a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite using the refraction angle, while the positioning accuracy of the traditional method using the apparent height is worse than 500 m under the same conditions. Furthermore, an analysis of the factors that affect navigation accuracy, including the measurement accuracy of the refraction angle, the number of visible refracted stars per orbit and the installation azimuth of star sensor, is presented. This method is highly recommended for small satellites in particular, as no additional hardware besides two star sensors is required.