国际空间站上使用的两种计算机

欧空局为国际空间站研制了两个新型的计算机 :容错计算机 ( FTC)和标准有效载荷计算机 ( SPLC) ,它们可以满足空间站对计算机的需要 ,可以方便地构成各分种布式数据管理结构。文中介绍这两种不同类型的计算机设计     

区域导航陆基无线电导航系统自动选台和定位算法研究

针对利用陆基无线电导航系统实施区域导航运行时需要自动选择合理的导航台进行精确定位的要求,提出了一种陆基无线电导航系统自动选台和定位算法,并且采用上海虹桥机场到北京首都机场的RNAV航路和导航台信息进行了仿真实验,实验表明,提出的陆基无线电导航系统自动选台和定位算法可有效地选择较好的导航台,在及时切换为更好的导航台同时能避免导航台切换过于频繁,最终实现飞机的精确定位,确保DME/DME定位满足RNAV 2、VOR/DME定位满足RNAV 5的导航性能要求。     

带放气槽的定几何二元倒置“X”型混压式超音速进气道实验研究(英文)

针对一种带放气槽的定几何二元倒置"X"型混压式超音速进气道进行了风洞吹风实验。结果表明:随着来流马赫数的增加,进气道总压恢复系数不断减小,流量系数却先增加,在设计点达到最大值后减小;当攻角变化时,两侧进气道变化各异,在小攻角α≤60时,随着攻角的增加,迎背风两侧进气道的总压恢复系数均有所下降,但背风侧进气道总压恢复系数高于迎风侧进气道,在流量系数方面,背风侧进气道先增加后减小,而迎风侧进气道一直保持缓慢下降,但两侧总的流量保持变化不大,在大攻角(α=60-90)状态下,背风侧进气道总压恢复系数和流量系数均下降剧烈,而迎风侧进气道总压恢复系数下降但流量系数却有所上升;同时,通过与不带放气槽进气道的速度特性以及反压特性对比发现,放气槽的存在不但增加了进气道的稳定工作范围,而且对进气道在高马赫数下性能的提高也大有裨益。本文为倒置"X"型进气道的设计、改进提供了实验依据。     

无人机单、双尾撑布局的结构效率研究

为了探讨在总体设计中单、双尾撑布局无人机的结构效率,本文采用工程梁方法对这一设计问题进行简化与建模,作为无人机设计时对结构因素的考虑。理论推导与实际算例结果均表明,双尾撑布局比单尾撑布局具有更高的结构效率,因而从结构刚度上能够解释很多无人机采用双尾撑布局的理由。最后,作者给出了3点结论。     

机翼盒段结构优化分析

机翼在飞机飞行过程中产生升力,是飞机能够飞行的根本保障。翼盒是机翼的主要承力部件,承受机翼上产生的所有载荷。所以翼盒的结构设计,对机翼甚至整个飞机的影响有着至关重要的作用。好的结构设计不仅能够保证机翼产生正常的气动升力,以及机翼内系统的正常运作,而且能够充分发挥材料的性能优势,减轻结构重量。因此,结构优化设计技术开始广泛被使用。总结翼盒优化的工作,包括不同的结构布局形式,不同的气动压心位置,不同的发动机吊挂位置以及翼盒不同位置的结构尺寸优化,分析影响翼盒结构设计的因素,为机翼结构的初步设计打好基础。     

Depth dose measurements with the Liulin-5 experiment inside the spherical phantom of the MATROSHKA-R project onboard the International Space Station

The Liulin-5 experiment is a part of the international project MATROSHKA-R on the Russian segment of the ISS, which uses a tissue-equivalent spherical phantom equipped with a set of radiation detectors. The objective of the MATROSHKA-R project is to provide depth dose distribution of the radiation field inside the sphere in order to get more information on the distribution of dose in a human body. Liulin-5 is a charged particle telescope using three silicon detectors. It measures time resolved energy deposition spectra, linear energy transfer (LET) spectra, particle flux, and absorbed doses of electrons, protons and heavy ions, simultaneously at three depths along the radius of the phantom. Measurements during the minimum of the solar activity in cycle 23 show that the average absorbed daily doses at 40 mm depth in the phantom are between 180 μGy/day and 220 μGy/day. The absorbed doses at 165 mm depth in the phantom decrease by a factor of 1.6–1.8 compared to the doses at 40 mm depth due to the self-shielding of the phantom from trapped protons. The average dose equivalent at 40 mm depth is 590 ± 32 μSV/day and the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contribute at least 70% of the total dose equivalent at that depth. Shown is that due to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) trapped protons asymmetry and the direction of Liulin-5 lowest shielding zone the dose rates on ascending and descending nodes in SAA are different. The data obtained are compared to data from other radiation detectors on ISS.     

复杂热环境下平流层飞艇高空驻留热动力学特性

热问题是平流层飞艇高空驻留期间面临的重点问题之一。分析了太阳辐射、地球反照和红外辐射等热环境因素的时变特征,提出了多节点平流层飞艇热动力学分析模型。该模型可较好地实现平流层飞艇昼夜热动力学特性仿真研究。计算结果表明,季节、纬度和大气对流等因素对平流层飞艇的热动力学特性有着重要影响。     

卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试方法与误差分析

建立卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试的全程链路模型,分析交叉极化分量产生的机理,给出一种符号表示方法标识由各天线馈源激励产生的各段链路上的信号。分析和实际测试结果表明,主极化和交叉极化接收通道都会在2个相近的频点上产生多个极化分量矢量合成的信号,如果频谱仪分辨率设置不当,则得不到正确的测试结果。由于无法完全分离地面天线和卫星天线产生的交叉极化分量,卫星天线极化隔离度受到地面天线极化隔离度的影响。此外,还描述了高精度测量的卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试流程和误差分析方法。     

Station keeping of a solar sail around a Halo orbit

Solar sails are a concept of spacecraft propulsion that takes advantage of solar radiation pressure to propel a spacecraft. Although the thrust provided by a solar sail is small it is constant and unlimited. This offers the chance to deal with novel mission concept. In this work we want to discuss the controllability of a spacecraft around a Halo orbit by means of a solar sail. We will describe the natural dynamics for a solar sail around a Halo orbit. By natural dynamics we mean the behaviour of the trajectory of a solar sail when no control on the sail orientation is applied. We will then discuss how a sequence of changes on the sail orientation will affects the sail's trajectory, and we will use this information to derive efficient station keeping strategies. Finally we will check the robustness of these strategies including different sources of errors in our simulations.