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21.
The formation of planetary systems is intimately tied to the question of the evolution of the gas and solid material in the
early nebula. Current models of evolution of circumstellar disks are reviewed here with emphasis on the so-called “alpha models”
in which angular momentum is transported outward by turbulent viscosity, parameterized by an dimensionless parameter α. A
simple 1D model of protoplanetary disks that includes gas and embedded particles is used to introduce key questions on planetesimal
formation. This model includes the aerodynamic properties of solid ice and rock grains to calculate their migration and growth.
We show that the evolution of the nebula and migration and growth of its solids proceed on timescales that are generally not
much longer than the timescale necessary to fully form the star-disk system from the molecular cloud. Contrary to a widely
used approach, planet formation therefore can neither be studied in a static nebula nor in a nebula evolving from an arbitrary initial condition. We propose a simple approach to both account for sedimentation
from the molecular cloud onto the disk, disk evolution and migration of solids.
Giant planets have key roles in the history of the forming Solar System: they formed relatively early, when a significant
amount of hydrogen and helium were still present in the nebula, and have a mass that is a sizable fraction of the disk mass
at any given time. Their composition is also of interest because when compared to the solar composition, their enrichment
in elements other than hydrogen and helium is a witness of sorting processes that occured in the protosolar nebula. We review
likely scenarios capable of explaining both the presence of central dense cores in Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune and
their global composition.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
22.
We present preliminary results from high resolution observations obtained with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument
on the SOHO of two large solar flares of 14 July 2000 and 24 November 2000. We show that rapid variations of the line-of-sight
magnetic field occured on a time scale of a few minutes during the flare explosions. The reversibility/irreversibility of
the magnetic field of both active regions is a very good tool for understanding how the magnetic energy is released in these
flares. The observed sharp increase of the magnetic energy density at the time of maximum of the solar flare could involve
an unknown component which deposited supplementary energy into the system.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
23.
A lightning swept stroke model: A valuable tool to investigate the lightning strike to aircraft 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alain Broc Philippe Lalande Emmanuel Montreuil Jean-Patrick Moreau Alain Delannoy Anders Larsson Pierre Laroche 《Aerospace Science and Technology》2006,10(8):700-708
In the context of lightning strike on the Dassault Falcon family of aircraft, the standard zoning of Falcon 50, 900 and 2000, inferred from FAA and EUROCAE WG31 documents [US Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Advisory Circular AC 20-53A, 1985; US Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Advisory Circular AC 20-53B, Draft, 1991; EUROCAE WG 31, Aircraft Lightning Zoning Standard, ED-91, 1998], has been presented. Zoning proves to be quite similar between the three types of aircraft. Thanks to the feed-back on lightning strikes to Falcon, lightning traces have been observed on the fuselage for different flight conditions and aircraft. Observations are compared with the zoning performed by Dassault. A physical model, developed by ONERA, was used to simulate the sweeping of lightning on the fuselage of a Falcon 900. The results are in good agreement with the lightning traces observed on the fuselages. 相似文献
24.
构建高职数控技术应用专业课程体系的改革与实践 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
宋文学 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2005,23(3):18-20
课程体系是衡量学校办学水平和教学质量的重要标志,是实现培养目标的基本保证。从构建课程体系前提、人才培养目标、人才培养机制、课程体系构建、课程体系改革的效果等几个方面对数控技术应用专业课程体系建设进行了探讨,初步构建了产学研结合的人才培养途径,建立了理论体系和实践体系相结合的课程体系。 相似文献
25.
Parameters of expanding magnetic loops and arches and of mass flows generated by them in the corona have been computed in a 1D two-fluid approximation. Two possible trigger mechanisms of the coronal transients have been considered: (i) sudden increase of the background magnetic field strength, and (ii) heating and compression plasma inside these magnetic structures. We discuss the formation of shock waves and their dependence on dynamics and geometry of the magnetic structures. 相似文献
26.
R. J. Murphy 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):127-138
Interactions of ions accelerated in solar flares produce gamma-ray lines and continuum and neutrons. These emissions contain
a rich set of observables that provides information about both the accelerated ions and the environment where the ions are
transported and interact. Ion interactions with the various nuclei present in the ambient medium produce gamma-ray lines at
unique energies. How abundance information is extracted from the measurements is discussed and results from analyses of a
number of solar flares are presented. The analyses indicate that the composition of the ambient gas where the ions interact
(typically at chromospheric densities) is different from that of the photosphere and more like the composition of the corona,
exhibiting low-FIP elemental enhancements that may vary from flare to flare. Evidence for increased Ne/O and the photospheric
3He abundance is also discussed. 相似文献
27.
P. C. Frisch 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):355-365
The properties of interstellar matter at the Sun are regulated by our location with respect to a void in the local matter
distribution, known as the Local Bubble. The Local Bubble (LB) is bounded by associations of massive stars and fossil supernovae
that have disrupted dense interstellar matter (ISM), driving low density intermediate velocity ISM into the void. The Sun
appears to be located in one of these flows of low density material. This nearby interstellar matter, dubbed the Local Fluff,
has a bulk velocity of ∼19 km s−1 in the local standard of rest. The flow is coming from the direction of the gas and dust ring formed where the Loop I supernova
remnant merges into the LB. Optical polarization data suggest that the local interstellar magnetic field lines are draped
over the heliosphere. A longstanding discrepancy between the high thermal pressure of plasma filling the LB and low thermal
pressures in the embedded Local Fluff cloudlets is partially mitigated when the ram pressure component parallel to the cloudlet
flow direction is included. 相似文献
28.
T. S. Bastian 《Space Science Reviews》1994,68(1-4):261-274
Radio and X-ray observations of stellar flares provide the most direct probes of energy relaase particle acceleration, and energy transport on stars other than the Sun. In this review, the observational basis for our understanding of the flare phenomenon on other stars is briefly described and outstanding interpretive and theoretical issues are discussed. I shall confine my attention to objects which are solar-like, to the extent that they possess deep convective envelopes and display activity which is presumed to be magnetic in origin. These include pre-main sequence objects, classical flare stars, and close binaries. Future directions are briefly discussed. 相似文献
29.
C. De Jager 《Space Science Reviews》2005,120(3-4):197-241
30.
Several examples of the radio emission of eruptive solar flares with high-frequency slowly drifting structures and type II
bursts are presented. Relationships of these radio bursts with eruptive phenomena such as soft X-ray plasmoid ejection and
shock formation are shown. Possible underlying physical processes are discussed in the framework of the plasmoid ejection
model of eruptive solar flares. On the other hand, it is shown that these radio bursts can be considered as radio signatures
of eruptive solar flares and thus used for the prediction of heliospheric effects.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献