A comparison of seasonal variations of sea level in the southern Baltic Sea from altimetry and tide gauge data

In this paper, seasonal sea level variations have been determined at five locations in the Baltic Sea from satellite altimetry for the period 1993–2015. The results were compared to tide gauge water level data. Annual and semi-annual amplitudes have been investigated for both sea level anomalies and tide gauge water level. It was found that the two independent observations of sea level variations along the Polish coast are in good agreement both in terms of their annual and semi-annual amplitudes and their annual and semi-annual phases. The annual cycles in the sea level variations measured by altimetry and tide gauge reach maximum values at approximately the same month (November/December).Moreover, this article shows the differences between the annual and semi-annual amplitudes and phases in the sea level anomalies and water level data within the same time frame. The difference in the annual amplitudes between the satellite altimetry and the tide gauge results is between 0.33?cm and 1.53?cm. The maximum differences in the annual cycle of the sea level changes were found at the Swinoujscie station. The correlations between the original series and the calculated curves were determined, and the relationship between the amplitudes and the phases were investigated. The correlation between the annual variations observed from the two independent observation techniques is 0.92.To analyse the dynamics of the change in sea level, the linear trend was estimated from the satellite altimetry and tide gauge time series both in the original time series of the data and in the time series in which seasonal variations were removed. In addition, we calculated the estimated errors of regression and how many years’ worth of data are needed to obtain an accuracy of 0.1?mm per year. The estimated errors of regression showed that to get an accuracy of 0.1?mm per year, we need 100?years of data.     

信息论在确定误差分布律中的应用

推导出各种分布情况下熵与方差的关系,并给出适用于各种分布情况下的熵与方差的关系式,介绍一个判断误差分布律的新方法。     

宇宙真空测量的理论与技术

在行星上和在航天器上测量行星表面同一时刻、同一位置的大气密度,会得到不同的测量数据,必须经过坐标系转换把航天器上的测量数据转换成行星坐标系的数据才可和地面观测数据比较。文章系统地归纳了宇宙真空测量的理论与技术,改正了相应的坐标转换公式,对之进行了合理性讨论,推导出分子流密度和大气压强的转换公式并建立了地面校准宇航速度定向分子流压强及压强的模拟理论,形成了比较完整的宇宙真空测量理论体系。从该理论体系出发,提出了宇宙真空测量技术方案的建议。     

高性能旋转动密封环设计研究

基于ANSYS软件平台,对高性能旋转动密封环流场进行了数值仿真分析与计算,研究了高性能旋转动密封环圆弧槽槽形结构和圆弧槽几何结构尺寸与密封环液膜压力和剪切应力之间的关系,由此得出了高性旋转动密封环设计准则,采用该准则设计、制造的高性能旋转动密封环通过了坦克专用传动系统密封试验台密封性能和密封可靠性试验考核,试验结果表明,高性能旋转动密封环满足设计与使用要求.     

宽量程真空规校准装置的性能研究

文章研制了一种新的真空规校准装置,复合采用了动态比对法、静态比对法和静态膨胀法,满足了拓宽量程的需求。该装置可以对量程在1×105～5×10-4 Pa范围内的各类真空规进行校准,具有结构简单、操作方便、检定效率高、实用性强的特点,尤其适用于大量常规校准。装置本底压力、压力稳定度、静态膨胀容积比等主要技术指标符合国际标准化组织和国内有关真空标准的规定。     

宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源研制

红外成像探测系统的应用环境越来越复杂,工作适应温度范围低温可达到-50 ℃以下,高温可达到70 ℃以上。为满足相应要求,研制宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源,采用细分均匀加热、模糊PID自整定控制算法、双路配气保护等技术,满足高低温需求,同时开展腔型设计、超黑高发射率涂层等相应研究,保证了黑体辐射源的整体性能,确保完成相应功能。研制完成后,在高低温环境下进行了验证试验,可达到以下指标：有效发射率≥0.999,空腔开口直径≥60 mm,温度测量不确定度10 mK（k=2）。经验证,可满足宽温度范围条件红外探测系统的计量要求。     

可见光/激光组合的相对位姿测量研究

针对可重构航天器模块超近距离对接场景下特征点消失问题,提出一种可见光/激光的高精度相对位姿测量方法。该方法先通过可见光/激光组合对初始相对横滚角误差进行校零,完成粗校准环节;然后通过激光二维双镜反射法进行精确的相对位姿解算,获得高精度相对位姿数据。仿真结果表明,在现有技术条件下,该方法在模块相对距离在100cm内可不依赖视觉特征点,实现±1.2mm和±0.03°的相对位姿测量精度,为模块航天器对接后续的超近距离高精度位姿控制奠定基础。     

633nm激光波长标准装置

介绍了几种常见的激光稳频技术,分析了基于饱和蒸汽压的碘稳定633nm He-Ne激光系统。激光器的腔长为260 mm,输出功率为0.8 mW,激光调谐范围能够覆盖从a到n的14个吸收峰。通过实验,其频率的相对标准不确定度优于2.5×10-11,1 000 s的频率稳定度优于6×10-12。     

真空低温环境红外亮温标准装置设计

对遥感技术现状及面临的问题进行了介绍,明确了建立真空低温环境红外亮温计量标准装置的意义,对国内外研究现状进行了梳理,对研究的标准装置的技术路线和设计方案进行了详细叙述。     

液质校准用利血平/甲醇水标准溶液的研制

研制了液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）校准用利血平/甲醇水溶液标准物质。采用准确可靠的方法对利血平粉末纯度进行定值,用已确定值的利血平为溶质,甲醇水为溶剂,用重量-容量法制得利血平/甲醇水溶液。分别用F检验和回归曲线法对均匀性和稳定性进行考察,对定值结果的不确定度进行了评定。结果表明研制的利血平/甲醇水溶液标准物质具有良好的均匀性和稳定性,标准相对扩展不确定度为3%（k=2）。