卡尔曼滤波中动态模型的分级解耦

本文对卡尔曼滤波中动态模型的解耦提一种新的方法，这种方法其实质是把对整个动态模型的并联滤波估计变成对整个动态模型的分级串联滤波估计。这种分解耦的方法即可用于线性动态模型又可用于非线性动态模型。对于阶数很高的非线性动态模型，这种方法对于提高估计精度，减少量和计算时间，更有其优越性。本文利用一个九阶非线性动态模型进行仿真计算。计算结果说明了这种方法的有效性。     

用渐消卡尔曼滤波器防止捷联惯导系统滤波发散

为有效防止捷联惯导系统滤波发散,根据卡尔曼滤波原理研究了滤波发散的原因,引入了渐消卡尔曼滤波和遗忘因子。对常规卡尔曼滤波器和渐消卡尔曼滤波器的滤波进行的仿真结果表明,采用渐消卡尔曼滤波器在工程上可解决捷联惯导系统滤波发散。     

遗传算法在弹道数据融合中的应用

目前靶场采用全测元融合滤波的方式确定目标飞行器弹道,为测控设备提供引导信息并为安全决策和指挥显示提供数据支持。随着靶场测控设备种类和数量越来越丰富,而新的试验任务又对实时弹道融合解算精度提出了更高的要求,全测元融合处理能否提供高精度的融合弹道和快速地从海量融合方案中寻找最优的方案是弹道测量数据融合急需解决的问题。本文提出了基于遗传算法的最优融合方案选择方法,利用该方法得到的融合弹道精度优于全测元融合方案,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。     

Accuracy analysis of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion algorithms

In recent years, with the continuous development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has been applied not only to navigation and positioning, but also to Earth surface environment monitoring. At present, when performing GNSS-IR (GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry) snow depth inversion, Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) spectrum analysis is mainly used to calculate the vertical height from the antenna phase center to the reflection surface. However, it has the problem of low identification of power spectrum analysis, which may lead to frequency leakage. Therefore, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) spectrum analysis and Nonlinear Least Square Fitting (NLSF) are introduced to calculate the vertical height in this paper. The GNSS-IR snow depth inversion experiment is carried out by using the observation data of P351 station in PBO (Plate Boundary Observatory) network of the United States from 2013 to 2016. Three algorithms are used to invert the snow depth and compared with the actual snow depth provided by the station 490 in the SNOTEL network. The observations data of L1 and L2 bands are respectively used to find the optimal combination between different algorithms further to improve the accuracy of GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. For L1 band, different snow depths correspond to different optimal algorithms. When the snow depth is less than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of NLSF algorithm is the highest. When the snow depth is greater than 0.8 m, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is higher. Therefore, according to the different snow depth, a combined algorithm of NLSF + FFT is proposed for GNSS-IR snow depth inversion. Compared with the traditional LSP algorithm, the inversion accuracy of the combined algorithm is improved by 10%. For L2 band data, the results show that the accuracy of snow depth inversion of various algorithms do not change with the variations of snow depth. Among the three single algorithms, the inversion accuracy of FFT algorithm is better than that of LSP and NLSF algorithms.     

Nonlinear filtering for sequential spacecraft attitude estimation with real data: Cubature Kalman Filter,Unscented Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter

This article compares the attitude estimated by nonlinear estimator Cubature Kalman Filter with results obtained by the Extended Kalman Filter and Unscented Kalman Filter. Currently these estimators are the subject of great interest in attitude estimation problems, however, mostly the Extended Kalman Filter has been applied to real problems of this nature. In order to evaluate the behavior of the Extended Kalman Filter, Unscented Kalman Filter and Cubature Kalman Filter algorithms when submitted to realistic situations, this paper uses real data of sensors on-board the CBERS-2 remote sensing satellite (China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite). It is observed that, for the case studied in this article, the filters are very competitive and present advantages and disadvantages that should be dealt with according to the requirements of the problem.     

基于STF的Jerk模型自适应机动目标跟踪算法

在Jerk模型的基础上,提出了一种新的机动目标自适应跟踪算法STF-Jerk。该算法通过引入强跟踪滤波器(STF)的渐消因子,实时调节滤波器增益,增强了系统对突发机动的自适应跟踪能力,从而很好地改善了Jerk模型在跟踪机动目标时的跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,提出的STF-Jerk自适应跟踪算法显著提高了Jerk模型自适应算法的机动目标跟踪性能。     

旋风式燃气过滤器的冷流实验和内流场模拟

为了考察某导弹系统燃气发生器的旋风式燃气过滤器的除尘特性，对其进行了冷流实验研究，对除尘效率进行了模拟测量，并应用多流体模型的IPSA算法对其内流场进行了三维两相的数值模拟。计算结果与实验结果较符合，计算得到的分离界限粒径为2μm--3μm。     

轨道机动过程中推力加速度的在线最小方差估计

定位和跟踪空间机动目标时，对目标运动建模受发动机推力的不确定性影响，通过统计处理离散的雷达观测数据实时估计发动机的推力，进而定位和跟踪机动目标便是本文所要研究和解决的问题，本文在地心惯性系建立了常推力轨道机动过程中连续变质量运动模型和离散雷达量测模型，机动过程中质量秒耗量和排气速度作为表征轨控发动机推力的两个近似常量，应用扩展卡尔曼滤波对离散雷达测量数据进行序贯统计处理得到发动机推力的最小方差估计；文中详细地给出了线性化量测模型的变分方程和观测矩阵；仿真结果表明该算法能快速、准确地在线估计轨控发动机的等效推力。     

MSCSG转子系统的扩展双频Bode图稳定性分析方法

为分析洛伦兹力磁轴承驱动磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺（MSCSG）转子偏转过程中的稳定性,针对现有双频Bode图稳定性判据方法仅适用于最小相位系统的不足,提出一种基于扩展双频Bode图的稳定性分析方法。根据洛伦兹力磁轴承工作原理建立了MSCSG转子偏转系统动力学模型;通过变量重构,将实系数双输入双输出系统等效变换为复系数单输入单输出系统;在分析Nyquist曲线与Bode图关联性的基础上,提出针对非最小相位系统的扩展双频Bode图稳定性判据,对不同转速下MSCSG转子系统稳定性进行预测,并通过转速根轨迹曲线预测转子系统的转速稳定区间。所提出的扩展双频Bode图稳定判据结果与时域仿真校验结果相一致,验证了本文所提出的稳定性分析方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种面向弹道再入目标跟踪的HPD-SRCQSPF算法

针对弹道再入目标轨迹跟踪问题,提出基于混合建议分布的平方根容积求积采样粒子滤波（HPD-SRCQSPF）算法,该算法以混合建议分布为框架,由两个基本建议分布组成。其中一个基本建议分布为先验分布,另一个基本建议分布为平方根容积求积卡尔曼滤波估计后的值。该混合建议分布与真实的后验分布很接近,因此有着高效性、高精度等特点。仿真结果表明,对于弹道再入目标轨迹跟踪模型,相比于标准粒子滤波（SPF）算法和平方根容积求积粒子滤波（SRCQPF）算法,HPD-SRCQSPF算法可以在较低运算负载的情况下获得更好的跟踪性能。特别是在弹道目标变轨机动的情况时,所提出算法的性能增益更为显著。