摆线桨悬停状态气动特性及参数优化

为了进一步提高摆线桨的气动效率,本文对摆线桨的设计参数进行了优化研究。首先分析了流管模型的基本原理,基于薄翼振荡原理,结合动量和叶素理论建立了摆线桨的双盘-多流管非定常气动模型。然后,通过相关算例验证了模型的适用性,结果表明：实度较小时,准确度较高,而随着实度与转速的增加,桨叶之间的干扰加强,误差值增大。通过大量试验与计算数据的对比,总结了不同实度时,多流管模型的拉力修正因子。最后,基于双盘-多流管气动模型,应用遗传算法对摆线桨的相关设计参数进行了优化设计,优化后的功率载荷提高了12.4%左右。同时,对比发现优化后的摆线桨比旋翼具有更高的气动效率。     

中国经验与埃及教训——埃及宪政危机的再思考

以动荡持续时间最长、革命最为激烈的埃及为例,＂阿拉伯之春＂的教训发人深省。西方民主宪政是否具有普世性,威权统治模式是否具有合法性,伊斯兰世界教俗关系如何处理,新型媒体与青年运动对社会稳定造成怎样的冲击。总结埃及变局的历史教训,可以为中国的政局稳定提供具体启示。     

摇摆对水平管内单相水阻力特性的影响分析

对摇摆状态下25mm和34.5mm管径水平管内单相水阻力特性进行了实验研究,通过实验发现,摇摆状态下单相水摩擦压降有明显的周期性,并与摇摆周期相同。雷诺数降低、摇摆振幅增加以及管径增加都会使摩擦压降增加。通过对摇摆周期、摇摆幅度、雷诺数和管径等影响因素的分析,给出了摇摆状态下单相水摩擦系数的计算公式。计算结果表明,得到的摩擦压降满足摇摆条件周期波动的特点,计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

Effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending

Inner flange and side wrinkling often occur in rotary-draw bending process of rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes, and the distribution and magnitude of wrinkling is related to geometrical parameters of the tubes. In order to study the effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of rectangular wave-guide tubes, a 3D-FE model for rotary-draw bending processes of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes was built based on the platform of ABA-QUS/Explicit, and its reliability was validated by experiments. Simulation and analysis of the influence laws of geometrical parameters on the wave heights of inner flange and side wrinkling were then carried out. The results show that inner flange wrinkling is the main wrinkling way to rectan- gular wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending processes, but side wrinkling cannot be neglected because side wrinkling is 2/3 of inner flange wrinkling when b and h are smaller. Inner flange and side wrinkling increase with increasing b and h; the influence of b on side wrinkling is larger than that of h, while both b and h affect inner flange wrinkling greatly. Inner flange and side wrinkling decrease with increasing R/h; the influence of h on inner flange and side wrinkling is larger than that of R.     

Comparison of magnetic flux tube and cosmic string behavior in Kerr metric

Cosmic strings are topological defects which were generated at a transition phase of the very early Universe and are probably responsible for large-scale structure forming. However, they may pull through all history and exist in the recent epoch. Thus, they can have influence for the recent Universe interacting with different objects. We consider the cosmic string behavior in the vicinity of a spinning black hole by means of a numerical simulation. Here we present preliminary results of this work via a comparison of cosmic string and magnetic flux tube behavior in the Kerr metric. Such an approach follows from the similarity of the equations which describe these objects. Therefore, many aspects of this behavior may be comparable.     

Frictional resistance of supercritical pressure RP-3 flowing in a vertically downward tube at constant heat fluxes

Based on the demands of compact heat exchangers and micro cooling channels applied for aviation thermal protection, the flow resistance characteristics of aviation kerosene RP-3 were experimentally studied in a vertically downward circular miniature tube with an inner diameter of 1.86 mm at supercritical pressures and constant heat fluxes. A long and short tube method was used to accurately calculate the frictional pressure drop, and experimental conditions are supercritical pressures of 4 MPa, mass flow rates of 2–4 g/s (i.e., mass fluxes of 736–1472 kg/(m²?s)), heat fluxes of 100–500 kW/m², and inlet temperatures of 373–673 K. Results show that the sharp variations of thermophysical properties, especially density, have significant influences on frictional resistances. Generally, the frictional pressure drop and the friction factor increase with increasing inlet temperatures, and this trend speeds up in the relatively high-temperature region. However, the friction factor has a sudden decline when the fuel outlet temperature exceeds the pseudo-critical temperature. The frictional pressure drop and the friction factor basically remain unchanged with increasing heat flux when the inlet temperature is relatively low, but increase quickly when the inlet temperature is relatively high. Besides, a larger mass flux yields a higher pressure drop but does not necessarily yield a higher friction factor. Finally, an empirical friction factor correlation is proposed and shows better predictive performance than those of previous models.     

某型发动机滑油供油波纹管裂纹分析

某型发动机滑油进油管的波纹段多次发生裂纹故障,断裂部位均位于波纹管第1波谷或最后波谷处,采用断口分析、金相组织分析、断裂机理分析等方法,对滑油供油波纹管裂纹的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,装配时拉伸应力过大和工作中持续的振动应力是造成波纹管早期开裂的主要原因。结合实际经验,加强装配过程控制,提高装配质量,可有效预防滑油供油波纹管断裂故障。     

氢氧爆轰驱动激波风洞的性能

本文对膜片处起爆的氢氧爆轰驱动的概念作了简要描述。爆轰波在管端盖板上的反射压力峰值高出初始压力200多倍,在高起始压力条件下产生的如此高的反射峰压对设备安全极为不利。串接在驱动段末端的卸爆段既能消除高的反射峰压,又能延长有效驱动时间。实验结果还表明:爆轰波后气流的定常性和重复性品质优良。用爆轰驱动来产生高焓(具有高压)试验气流是一种高性能且节省费用的新方法。还可用来获得高雷诺数高马赫数试验气流。爆轰驱动具有广阔的应用前景。     

大载荷承力支架结构用碳/环氧承力管金属整体接头的结构设计

某大载荷承力支架结构采用碳／环氧管作为主承力构件，利用金属接头把承力管、前端框和后端板连接成整体支架。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS7．0对承力支架结构进行了总体静力分析，并分析了接头的局部受力状态。根据接头的受力状态，结合胶接失效模型设计了整体接头叉形部分长度为50mm，并根据最大弯曲正应力设计了接头的壁厚为3mm，设计表明整体接头许用拉伸强度为250MPa，可满足承力支架的承栽要求。     

均速管流量计的现状与发展

针对均速管流量计的总压及背压检测孔的数量和位置，检测杆的剖面形状等问题进行了讨论。详细介绍了均速管的几种结构形式，给出了实用流量测量的计算公式。分析了各种因素对测量精度的影响，最后对该产品的发展提出了一个构想。