宽体客机高速风洞试验数据修正方法

宽体客机航程远、巡航马赫数高,其气动设计对风洞试验数据精准度要求很高。通过完善中国空气动力研究与发展中心FL-26风洞试验数据修正技术和设备,对宽体客机高速风洞测力试验数据进行支撑/洞壁干扰、模型变形及流场畸变等系统修正,获取干净、可靠的风洞试验基准数据,为开展雷诺数、静气动弹性和动力影响等相关性修正奠定基础。研究表明：支撑干扰试验时,尾腔压力分布测量位置和假支杆长度伸入模型尾腔50 mm即可获得可靠的支撑干扰试验结果;在试验包线范围内,洞壁干扰对宽体客机模型升力、阻力和俯仰力矩系数影响较小;试验模型变形对宽体客机气动特性影响较为明显,马赫数0.85时模型变形后的升力线斜率减小0.005左右,焦点前移0.021 b_A,需进行相关修正。     

Nonlinear thermomechanical deformation behaviour of P-FGM shallow spherical shell panel

In the present article, the linear and the nonlinear deformation behaviour of functionally graded (FG) spherical shell panel are examined under thermomechanical load. The temperature-dependent effective material properties of FG shell panel are evaluated using Voigt’s micro-mechanical rule in conjunction with power-law distribution. The nonlinear mathematical model of the FG shell panel is developed based on higher-order shear deformation theory and Green-Lagrange type geometrical nonlinearity. The desired nonlinear governing equation of the FG shell panel is computed using the variational principle. The model is discretised through suitable nonlinear finite element steps and solved using direct iterative method. The convergence and the val-idation behaviour of the present numerical model are performed to show the efficacy of the model. The effect of different parameters on the nonlinear deformation behaviour of FG spherical shell panel is highlighted by solving numerous examples.     

飞机起落架撑杆锁弹簧的分析与设计

飞机起落架撑杆锁弹簧是下位锁机构实现功能的关键部件,其设计过程需要考虑其与下位锁开锁作动筒的协调以及其对收放载荷和起落架自由放性能的影响。讨论了撑杆锁弹簧的设计流程以及弹簧设计过程中需要考虑的因素,介绍了一种区别于传统受力分析确定弹簧工作拉力的方法,并例举了一种支承式撑杆锁弹簧的设计与计算过程。     

An investigation on adaptively machining the leading and tailing edges of an SPF/DB titanium hollow blade using free-form deformation

Titanium hollow blades are characterized with lightweight and high structural strength, which are widely used in advanced aircraft engines nowadays. Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) combined with numerical control (NC) milling is a major solution for manufacturing titanium hollow blades. Due to the shape deviation caused by multiple heat and pressure cycles in the SPF/DB process, it is hard to manufacture the leading and tailing edges by the milling process. This paper presents a new adaptive machining approach using free-form deformation to solve this problem. The actual SPF/DB shape of a hollow blade was firstly inspected by an on-machine measurement method. The measured point data were matched to the nominal SPF/DB shape with an improved ICP algorithm afterwards, by which the point-pairs between the measurement points and their corresponding points on the nominal SPF/DB shape were established, and the maximum modification amount of the final nominal shape was constrained. Based on the displacements between the point-pairs, an accurate FFD volume was iteratively calculated. By embedding the final nominal shape in the deformation space, a new final shape of the hollow blade was built. Finally, a series of measurement and machining tests was performed, the results of which validated the feasibility of the proposed adaptive machining approach.     

非对称偏馈环形网状天线索网预张力设计方法

提出一种考虑桁架柔性变形对索网平衡态影响的非对称偏馈环形网状天线索网预张力设计方法。该方法将天线整体结构分为内部索网与外部桁架两部分,通过内部索网预张力与外部桁架变形间的不断迭代,寻找满足索网形状及张力要求的天线平衡态,以实现网状天线索网预张力优化配置的目的。相比于常规基于刚性桁架假设的预张力设计,该方法可充分计及环形桁架与柔性索网协调变形,获得高精度反射面,且该方法适用于非对称偏馈天线,可有效避免后期张力调试,节约人力物力。算例分析验证了在进行预张力设计时计及桁架柔性的必要性及方法的正确性和有效性。     

工进和顶锻速度对摩擦焊接面形变织构的影响

针对异种高强材料摩擦焊接成形与控制问题,系统研究了工进速度和顶锻速度对摩擦焊接面的作用行为,发现了摩擦焊接面形变织构的变化及其影响接头性能的规律。     

涡轮叶片多学科设计优化中的多学科可行解耦

为解决涡轮叶片多学科设计优化过程中的解耦问题,将多学科可行解耦方法应用于涡轮叶片气动、传热及结构三学科的解耦。将气动、传热分析载荷下的叶片变形作为解耦循环结束与否的判断标准;解耦循环中的关键步骤——学科间的载荷传递及变形传递分别用单元内线性插值法及自由网格变形技术实现。某涡轮叶片初始设计点的解耦算例表明,解耦循环结束前收敛标准降幅达90.74%,气动、传热及结构得到了完全解耦。整个过程表明,多学科可行解耦方法虽然解耦效率有限,但在解决学科间耦合问题时具有较好的稳定性、准确性及可操作性。     

大变形柔性铰链的静刚度分析及应用

大变形柔性铰链可由弹性较大的橡胶材料制成,而橡胶材料的应变-应力关系不符合胡克定律,其关系可由应变-能量函数关系式导出,为此,采用Mooney-Rivlin模型对形变能量函数进行简化,通过适当选取材料常数的比值,对其非线性的应力-应变关系进行分段线性化,导出圆角型柔性铰链在大变形时转角刚度的近似计算公式.通过有限元仿真对近似计算公式进行了验证.在此基础上,应用大变形柔性铰链构造扑翼式微型飞行器中的柔性胸腔,由转动电机作为驱动器,利用柔性铰链的变形实现翅膀的扇翅运动,实际应用效果表明可有效增大扇翅角并提高能量利用率.     

粘弹性板的蠕变屈曲研究

研究了有初始小挠度单向受压粘弹性板在两种民政部下的蠕变屈曲问题。第一种情况是建立控制方程时忽略横向剪切变形；第二种情况是不忽略横向剪切变形。通过求解控制方程得到了挠度随时间扩的解析表达式，从而又得到了瞬时临界载荷和持久临界载荷，并讨论了横向剪切变形对临界载荷的影响。     

LIPS-300离子推力器栅极热变形特点实验分析

为探究LIPS-300离子推力器在工作过程中栅极热变形的规律与特点,设计了大气环境下离子推力器双栅极热变形实验,以一环形加热器模拟实际工作时的等离子体热源。实验研究发现:球面栅极在加热过程中急剧变形,同时屏栅变形量大于加速栅,导致栅极间距减小;在冷却过程中,双栅迅速回复变形,栅极间距同步回复。其次,研究发现栅极中心位移在加热过程中的峰值回落现象,与在冷却过程中的负位移现象,同时发现冷却速率对负位移的大小有着不容忽视的影响。为研究上述现象的起因,对栅极组件的径向位移进行了采集,发现栅极安装环的变形是其根本原因。在结构与温度的综合影响下,栅极安装环的变形相较球面栅极更为缓慢,而其受热膨胀会拉伸球面栅极,导致球面栅极中心拱高减小,中心位移峰值回落。