基于核心零部件聚类的飞机现场可更换单元划分

为研究军用飞机测试性设计过程中现场可更换单元（LRU）划分工作，以功能独立性和结构独立性为基本原则，以降低飞机维修保障成本和时间为主要目标，设计了一种军用飞机LRU划分方案。方案在首先实现了飞机从整机到零部件的功能结构分层划分基础上，从设备零部件层级出发，以综合重要度作为各零部件的定量化指标，运用帕累托（Pareto）原则筛选出核心零部件。然后基于核心零部件开发了一种LRU划分聚类算法，该算法以军用飞机设计研制阶段、使用保障阶段、退役处置阶段全寿命周期内成本和时间为优化目标构造综合评判因子，实现了非核心零部件与LRU模块之间的聚类组合，得到最优的LRU划分结果。最后以某型军用飞机上蒸发循环制冷装置为例，运用本文设计的方案实现了该装置LRU的划分，并将划分结果与该装置的实际LRU清单进行对比，通过维修保障成本和时间综合评判因子对两种划分结果的优劣性进行分析，得出本文设计方案得到的LRU划分结果对飞机维修保障成本和时间的优化效果较为均衡的结论。     

航天器太阳能电池阵驱动系统激扰因素辨识与扰动机理分析

建立了典型太阳能电池阵驱动系统(SADS)精细动力学模型，开展了扰动特性地面试验测试，讨论了产生扰动的必要条件，分析了直接激扰因素及其对应扰动的时频特点。结果表明：所建动力学模型分析结果与试验测试扰动数据吻合良好(误差<10%)；刚体转动角加速度和模态振动加速度不同时为零是引起驱动系统扰动的前提条件；细分驱动、电机磁场非线性、时变齿轮啮合参数等是驱动系统的主要内部激扰因素；扰动力矩一般均具有周期变化特点，扰动成分集中在激扰频率及其高倍频附近，扰动幅度随细分驱动步距、齿槽激扰幅度、电磁激扰幅度和啮合参数变化幅度的增大而提高。     

三层三级民机修理级别经济性分析模型的改进

现代民机产品普遍采用模块化设计，具有多层次特点，相应的维修场所也表现为多个维修级别。现有修理级别分析（LORA）模型在移级维修和报废时，可能存在父单元与其内部封装子单元成本重复累加的问题。引入跟随行为矩阵，对子单元中因父单元层级约束而做出的决策进行标记，能有效地避免父单元与子单元成本被重复计算。在此基础上，考虑实际维修活动中无故障发现事件（NFF）、二次维修等人为因素对LORA决策的影响，建立适用于民机的修理级别分析模型，较已有模型更加真实地反映决策的预计成本，提高了决策的可信度和工程适用性。最后使用混合惩罚函数法将原问题转化为等价的无约束优化问题，采用改进的二进制粒子群算法（BPSO）对多故障模式下的三层三级案例进行仿真优化，验证了该经济性分析模型的合理性和求解算法的有效性。     

Assessment of space debris collisions against spacecraft with deorbit devices

Deorbit methods have been employed to remove space debris from orbit. One of these methods is to utilize atmospheric drag. In this method, a membrane loaded into the spacecraft is expanded to increase atmospheric drag. Although this method works without requiring fuel, it has the disadvantage of a high risk of collision with other debris owing to its larger area. Area-time product and energy-to-mass ratio have been used as indices to evaluate the risk of collisions between spacecraft and debris. However, the evaluation criteria were uncertain because these two indices are independent. In this paper, we propose a new evaluation index, single-sheet collision factor (SSCF), that comprehensively evaluates the collision risk based on experiments simulating debris collisions. As a result of the hypervelocity collision experiment, we found that the penetration-area mass of the spacecraft affects the severity of debris collisions. In this paper, the product of the exterior-wall thickness, the exterior-wall density, and the space debris cross-sectional area defines the penetration-area mass of the spacecraft. Furthermore, we compare and evaluate various deorbit methods using SSCF. The comparison showed that the penetration-area mass of the SSCF could be quantitatively determined for the debris-collision severity due to difference in structural materials of spacecraft. SSCF will be used to create rules for space-environment conservation with the expansion of the space-development market.     

Possible nutrient limiting factor in long term operation of closed aquatic ecosystem

To investigate nutrient limitation effect on the community metabolism of closed aquatic ecosystem and possible nutrient limiting factors in the experimental food chains, depletion of inorganic chemicals including carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous was tested. A closed aquatic ecosystem lab module consisting of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Daphnia magna and associated unidentified microbes was established. Closed ecological systems receive no carbon dioxide; therefore, we presumed carbon as a first limiting factor. The results showed that the algae population in the nutrient saturated group was statistically higher than that in the nutrient limited groups, and that the chlorophyll a content of algae in the phosphorus limited group was the highest among the limited groups. However, the nitrogen limited group supported the most Daphnia, followed by the carbon limited group, the nutrient saturated group and the phosphorus limited group. Redundancy analysis showed that the total phosphorus contents were correlated significantly with the population of algae, and that the amount of soluble carbohydrate as feedback of nutrient depletion was correlated with the number of Daphnia. Thus, these findings suggest that phosphorus is the limiting factor in the operation of closed aquatic ecosystem. The results presented herein have important indications for the future construction of long term closed ecological system.     

基于比例风险模型的环境折合系数确定方法

研究了环境因素对产品可靠性的影响,给出了一种综合利用变环境试验数据的环境折合系数确定方法.利用比例风险模型来描述可靠性与环境因素的关系,给出了环境因素对产品可靠性影响的定量度量.基于该模型给出了常用寿命分布下的环境折合系数的统计推断方法.针对复杂环境,采用广义比例风险模型用于度量不同环境因素之间对可靠性的交互作用.利用径向基函数法来拟合该模型,并对模型进行了优化.计算实例表明:该方法合理可行,便于工程应用.     

一种新的红外背景抑制滤波算法

结合保护带和Dempster-Shafer(D-S)证据理论,提出了一种新的红外背景抑制滤波算法。首先分析了小目标的特性,论证了小目标在局部背景中呈现出极值性的条件和可能性,并在此基础上采用D-S证据理论计算最佳滤波尺寸。然后在最佳滤波尺寸下,根据保护带的思想进行背景抑制滤波,该算法能够适用不同尺寸的小目标。以全局信噪比增益、局部信噪比增益和背景抑制系数作为算法性能评价标准,实验结果表明,在低信噪比的情况下该算法对典型的不同红外背景具有良好的适用性,能够有效地抑制红外背景并增强目标信息。     

广布损伤的试验研究与有限元分析

 通过对无钉载3排平行孔平板和无钉载3排交错孔平板从无裂纹开始的疲劳试验,发现应力大小对是否出现广布损伤(MSD)有重要影响,首裂孔和断裂排位不总是一一对应。在试验中观察到了MSD的竞争现象,证实了群发小裂纹也是MSD中一种重要的破坏形式。采用FRANC2D/L建立了对生裂纹、非对生裂纹和单裂纹3种开裂模式的有限元模型。计算结果表明:短裂纹扩展过程中,裂纹间干涉效应不明显,3种模式的应力强度因子增长趋势相近;而对于长裂纹,试验和有限元计算都证明了裂纹间的干涉显著地加快了裂纹的扩展。     

基于退化失效数据的环境因子问题研究

针对具有退化失效特性的高可靠性长寿命产品,在有限试验时间内难以获得大量失效数据进行环境因子研究的问题,通过对产品性能退化特性的监测和分析,研究退化失效环境因子的建模和估计方法.给出了退化失效环境因子的一般定义和数学描述;提出了复合Poisson过程退化轨道模型的退化失效环境因子模型,并给出了环境因子点估计的矩方法和区间估计的二项分布法;通过仿真实例,对方法在工程应用上的有效性进行了说明.      

Investigation on Mechanism of Altitude Characteristic for Air-breathing Pulsed Laser Thruster

Altitude characteristic is of great importance for studying when an air-breathing pulsed laser thruster works in the dense atmosphere condition of 0-30 km altitude. The experimental findings all over the world show that the similar relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and altitude. According to strong explosion theory and an ideal gas model, a dimensionless factor indicating energy law of similitude is introduced, and formula of impulse coupling coefficient is deducted. Then theoretical study of altitude characteristic is carried out and mechanism of altitude characteristic is further explained. The results indicate that there is a maximum value of impulse coupling coefficient if the dimensionless factor equals to 0. 41 in theory, and whether the phenomena of maximum appear or not depends on the range of the dimensionless factor related to altitude. As to a conical nozzle with the fixed length of 120 mm, the relationship between the sonic velocity and the dimensionless factor causes the maximum phenomenon at the altitude of about 12. 5 km, and maximum theoretical impulse coupling coefficient is also found in the experimental investigations. The mechanism of altitude characteristic for air-breathing pulsed laser thruster is discovered in this article, which will provide reference for further research on altitude characteristic.