大尺寸金刚石膜生长中等离子体弧源的稳定性

保持等离子体弧源稳定性对于制备大尺寸平面金刚石膜极其重要,故从理论和实验两个方面对等离子体弧源稳定性进行了分析。研究表明,为了保持弧源的稳定,必须在生长过程中,保持稳定的电子温度和均匀的活性原子及原子基团密度。金刚石膜在某些条件下长时间生长时,会发生阳极环积碳现象,导致等离子体弧源扰动失稳,从而引起生长的金刚石膜含有石墨杂质。通过预处理阳极环、控制碳源、加大氢气量等措施可保持弧源稳定。在此条件下生长金刚石膜,经SEM,Raman分析表明,其晶粒均匀、晶界清晰,仅有金刚石特征峰出现。     

PCB高稳定性化学镀铜工艺研究

通过正交试验得到了化学镀铜速率适中而稳定性极高的化学镀铜工艺；采用PdCl2加速分解实验研究了多元合剂化学镀铜液的稳定性。结果表明：使用多元络合剂时存在交互作用可大大延长镀液的分解时间，同时使镀液的全面分解转变为少量颗粒上的缓慢分解。稳定剂的加入主要是抑制Cu^ 的生长，同时也降低了金属铜的生长速率。     

Fluid and electrolyte alterations during prolonged hypokinesia

The physiological and biochemical systems that regulate the level of each electrolyte in blood and other endogenous fluids, and the balance between the consumption and loss of fluid and electrolytes and the total fluid and electrolyte content of the body are significantly affected during hypokinesia (HK; diminished movement). Among the known effects of HK, the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has drawn a great interest due to the higher fluid and electrolyte deficiency with higher than lower fluid and electrolyte consumption. The impossibility of the body to use fluid and electrolytes, after the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has been established, has drawn the greatest interest. The fluid shifting to the thoracic region and the daily body rehydration are considered as the most effective methods to counteract fluid and electrolyte changes. To this end, the objective of this review was to report some of the findings in the fluid and electrolyte deficiency and fluid and electrolyte loss with fluid and electrolyte deficiency during prolonged HK.     

羽流污染对某型号卫星热控涂层的影响分析

文章以某卫星热控涂层的污染研究为目的,针对20N轨控推力器,在推力器羽流流场模拟的基础上,结合污染沉积过程模拟,计算获得了卫星在轨运行期间热控涂层表面的污染沉积膜的厚度,分析了热控涂层太阳吸收率的退化情况。     

气泡雾化喷嘴液雾特性

为了研究静止空气中气泡雾化喷嘴的液雾特性，利用粒子多普勒分析仪(PDA)和Mie散射显示法，对气泡雾化喷嘴在水压2．5MPa和3．4MPa条件下，较宽气液比范围内的液雾的张角、粒度及速度分布进行了测量，分析了水压、气液比、两股射流相互作用对液雾的影响。结果表明，气泡对液体射流的雾化具有较大的增强作用，同时发现存在-临界气液比(介于3％～4％之间)，当气液比达到临界值后，射流的雾化突然增强，且运行稳定。     

Different mechanisms controlling interannual phytoplankton variation in the South China Sea and the western North Pacific subtropical gyre: A satellite study

A time series of remotely-sensed chlorophyll a (chl a) in 1997–2010 was evaluated to determine mechanisms of phytoplankton variation in recent decade in the South China Sea (SCS) and the western North Pacific subtropical gyre (WNPSG). Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) were used as proxies for vertical nutrient supply and atmospheric aerosol, respectively. Chl a in the WNPSG was not significantly correlated with SST (r = 0.18, p > 0.05), but was with AOT (r = 0.31, p < 0.05), indicating the chl a was influenced by atmospheric deposition. Chl a in the SCS was negatively correlated with SST (r = −0.60, p < 0.05) and was positively with AOT (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). The correlation between AOT and chl a in the SCS does not reflect a major contribution from atmospheric deposition to chl a; instead, the relationship resulted from concurrence of the peaks of AOT and wind speed, which drive water mixing and nutrient supply. Consequently, chl a in the SCS would be regulated primarily by the nutrient supply from deep waters. Because SST was controlled by the ENSO teleconnection in the SCS, the chl a was coupled with ENSO events. The present study demonstrated that interannual phytoplankton variation could be controlled by different factors even in neighboring oligotrophic regions.     

Dy对EB-PVDβ-NiAl涂层高温瞬态氧化行为的影响(英文)

β-NiAl是一种有前景的应用于1150°C以上的抗氧化涂层材料。本文利用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)方法制备了0~0.5at%Dy含量的β-NiAl涂层,研究了涂层的瞬态氧化行为。1200°C时,在0.05at%Dy掺杂的涂层中只观察到了稳态α-Al2O3相,而在0.5at%Dy掺杂的涂层中,1h氧化过程中,发生了θ-Al2O3到α-Al2O3的相变。1100°C时,在最初的15min所有涂层均发生了θ-α相变。0.05at%Dy掺杂的涂层在45min的时候相变已经完成,这比0.5at%Dy掺杂涂层要早得多。过量Dy的掺杂能够延缓θ-α相变。未掺杂和过量掺杂涂层在20h氧化之后仍存在针状相θ-Al2O3,而0.05at%Dy掺杂的涂层中则为经典的颗粒状α-Al2O3形貌。     

直射式喷孔后方燃油浓度场计算及其分析

由于直射式喷油孔的结构简单、布置和调整方便,因此已被广泛地应用于冲压发动机的燃烧室中,而且喷孔后方的燃油浓度分布对火焰稳定及燃烧效率有很大影响,由此预知喷孔后方燃油浓度分布对喷孔布置、确定喷孔与稳定器的相对位置是十分重要的。根据试验结果,推导得到了直射式喷孔后方燃油浓度分布的计算公式,编制燃油浓度分布的计算程序,以分析直射式喷油孔后方的燃油浓度场分布。     

Coating deposition regularity depended on orientation difference in PS-PVD plasma jet

The YSZ coatings are prepared by the plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technology based on a specific experimental design. The structure, thickness and growth angle of YSZ coatings on the entire circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample are studied. The results indicated that the structure, thickness and deflection growth angle of YSZ coatings are related to the orientation of deposition location. The numerical simulation of the multiphase mixed fluid near the substrate is carried out and the deposition regularity and mechanism of YSZ coatings prepared by PS-PVD is deduced. The growth rate is related to the local characteristics of the plasma flow field, and is directly proportional to the field pressure and inversely proportional to the field velocity. The growth angle of the coating is generally affected by the flow direction of the plasma jet. Especially, the normal component of velocity vector, V_norm, mainly affects the speed at which the coating grows vertically upwards. The tangential component of velocity vector, V_tan, determines the degree that the coating growth direction deviates from the vertical direction. When V_tan ≠ 0, the coating forms a fine column with a certain deflection angle and finally develops into an oblique columnar structure.     

高能X射线辐照材料的SPH数值模拟

高能脉冲X射线辐照材料时,能量沉积会使材料表层发生气化,并在材料内部形成高压热击波。目前一般采用差分方法对高压热击波过程进行数值模拟。文章尝试采用光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法对X射线辐照材料进行数值模拟,由于材料表层的气化膨胀所致,膨胀后的粒子体积是原来的几十倍甚至上百倍,产生粒子大变形的粒子穿透现象;分析了产生粒子穿透现象的主要原因是气化边界处密度计算公式不合适所致,为此对密度计算公式进行了改进,并开展了基于改进密度计算公式的两种方法的数值模拟,两种方法的计算结果比较一致。