MAG焊旋转喷射过渡熔滴运动形态的相关分析

用高速影方法折摄了Ａｒ＋Ｏ２保护气体时旋转喷射过渡的过渡形态,建立了液尖－－液流速运动的相关分析模型,并由此分析了熔滴运动的动态变化过程和旋转参数。结果表明：在液尖－－液流束－阴极斑点组成的运动系统中,液尖的运动起主导作用,阴极斑点液尖、液流速的运动拖曳作用。作用于阳极斑点上的不平衡力,是影响熔滴旋转喷射过渡的重要因素。     

超声波喷嘴试验研究

对超声波喷嘴的工作原理及工作特性进行了理论分析和试验研究,利用计算机图象处理技术重点研究了压电器件材料物性参数d33、激励电压A、喷射压力p、喷孔直径d0、喷嘴腔纵向尺寸δ及激励频率f对射流液滴形成的影响。研究表明：较低的射流压力和较小的喷孔直径以及较大的d33压电器件都有利于液滴的形成和工作稳定性,而激励频率f和喷嘴腔纵向距离δ都存在着最佳值。这些结论可以指导喷印机超声波喷嘴的设计。     

两股互击式喷嘴雾化性能实验研究

用激光全息及图像处理技术,研究了双股互击式喷嘴的雾化性能。实验发现,喷嘴的撞击夹角增大、孔径比减小、两射流的动量比减小均会使喷雾的破碎长度和液滴直径减小。在初始雾化区域,液膜和液丝的速度与射流的速度基本相同,液滴的运动速度略小于射流速度。通过实验数据的分析整理,获得了喷雾的索特尔平均直径的经济公式。     

横流中喷雾掺混流场结构研究

为了获得有限空间内喷雾在横流影响下的掺混发展及机理,应用PIV系统测量了单个旋流雾化喷嘴产生的喷雾在横流中的掺混流场,实验在矩形通道内实施。获得了3种喷嘴入射角度和3种液气动量比下的掺混截面流场结构。结果表明,由于射流撞击、剪切和壁面约束作用,流场中形成前缘涡和反旋涡对,反旋涡对对掺混起了主要作用。比较不同喷嘴入射角度和液气动量比下的流场结构发现,随喷雾入射角度减小,两相作用提前发生,且反旋涡对尺度小,更利于掺混均匀;随液气动量比减小,气相作用增强,旋涡强度和尺度变小,更小的涡尺度更利于液滴均匀分布。     

Numerical studies on supersonic spray combustion in high-temperature shear flows in a scramjet combustor

Numerical simulation is applied to detail the combustion characteristics of n-decane sprays in highly compressible vortices formed in a supersonic mixing layer. The multi-phase reacting flow is modeled, in which the shear flow is solved Eulerianly by means of direct numerical simulation, and the motions of individual sub-grid point-mass fuel droplets are tracked Lagrangianly. Spray combustion behaviors are studied under different ambient pressures. Results indicate that ignition kernels are formed at high-strain vortex braids, where the scalar dissipation rates are high. The flame kernels are then strongly strained, associated with the rotation of the shearing vortex, and propagate to envelop the local vortex. It is observed that the flammable mixtures entrained in the vortex are burned from the edge to the core of the vortex until the reactants are completely consumed. As the ambient pressure increases, the high-temperature region expands so that the behaviors of spray flames are strongly changed. An overall analysis of the combustion field indicates that the time-averaged temperature increases, and the fluctuating pressure decreases, resulting in a more stable spray combustion under higher pressures, primarily due to the acceleration of the chemical reaction.     

针栓喷注器径向孔形状对喷雾特性影响实验研究

径向孔型针栓喷注器是目前所用的针栓喷注器中广泛应用的构型,径向孔的构型直接影响其喷雾特性,包括空间分布特性和雾化性能.在保持总流通面积和阻塞比(BF)一致的前提下,设计加工了4种结构的径向孔型液液针栓喷注器,并通过冷试试验具体研究了径向孔的几何形状及高宽比对喷雾形态、喷雾锥角、喷雾浓度分布特性和雾化性能的影响.采用背景...     

Statistical characteristics of spray autoignition of transient kerosene jet in cross flow

To study statistical characteristics of the random spray autoignition, aviation kerosene was injected transiently into non-vitiated air crossflow in a flow reactor with optical accesses. The operating conditions were relevant to gas turbine combustor: the air crossflow pressure and temperature were in the range of 1.4–1.7 MPa and 830–947 K, respectively, and the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios were 20, 50 and 80. Statistical distributions of random ignition delay times with adequate convergence were estimated based on histograms. The dependences of the distributions on reactor pressure, temperature, and jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio were studied. The results show that the resulting distributions appear more concentrated with the increase of air temperature or jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio. And then the correlations for the mean and standard deviation of the ignition delay time sample data were developed based on the present results. Compared with the correlations of ignition delay time of homogeneous premixed gas-phase kerosene/air mixture reported in the literature, the results show a greater significance pressure dependence and lower temperature sensitivity of the ignition delay time of non-premixed kerosene spray.     

高反压下喷嘴雾化特性的理论探讨

 本文对高反压下正压力指数的喷嘴雾化特性的可能原因进行探讨。试验技术上采用高压封闭容器,引起小液滴回流会造成液雾测量上畸变。从机理上,本文提出两个因素:对空气雾化喷嘴,由强紊流脉动与液滴簇的相互作用可能引起不同尺寸液滴碰撞而凝聚;对压力雾化喷嘴,可能由于高反压下液体微团速度迅速衰减而使决定最终雾化生成的气动作用力比低反压时为小的情况出现,本文详细分析了后者情况,证明通常文献及书中普遍叙述“高反压下促进雾化的气动作用力增大”的论点,并不完全正确。     

Two-phase flow effect on hybrid rocket combustion

This study numerically explores the aerodynamic and combustion processes in a hybrid rocket combustor, under a two-phase turbulent flow environment, considering the evaporation, combustion and drag of droplet and droplet ignition criterion. The predictions of temperature, reaction mode, reactant mass fraction, velocity, oxidizer consumption, fuel regression and droplet number distribution enhance understanding of the two-phase combustion aerodynamics inside the combustor. A parametric study of the inlet spray pattern, including spray cone angle, spray injection velocity and droplet size, is performed to improve the operation of reactant mixing and higher fuel regression rate. Analytical results indicate that both the oxidizer consumption and the fuel regression increase with increasing spray cone angle and spray injection velocity in the practical range of operation. However, for stoichiometric operation, the superior spray cone angle is within 20–60°, and spray injection velocity within 20–40 m/s, under a volume-mean droplet radius of 50 μm. The power dependence of solid-fuel regression on total mass flux is found to decrease with rising of droplet mean size.     

加力燃烧室热射流点火的燃油自燃规律研究

为了分析燃油在高温高速气流中自燃延迟时间与燃气流动速度、燃气温度、喷油量等的关系,通过模拟试验,开展了热射流点火的燃油在高温高速气流中自燃规律的研究,经分析得出:气流温度对自燃有明显影响,在模拟的范围内存在1个自燃温度临界点(1160 K);气流温度、气流压力的升高使自燃延迟距离和延迟时间减小;气流速度的增大使自燃延迟距离增加。研究结果为航空发动机加力燃烧室的热射流点火系统和供油系统等的设计提供初步试验依据。