基于双响应波段工作的红外热像仪测温原理与误差分析

为了提高红外热像仪测温的准确性,根据红外辐射理论,从红外热像仪的测温原理出发,分析了基于双响应工作波段的热像仪的测温原理,得出了目标物体的发射率、物体温度计算公式以及相应误差的估算公式,分析了各影响因素对热像仪测量准确度的影响,提供了一种目标物体发射率的测定方法,对利用红外热像仪准确测量内燃机等热能机械表面温度具有重要的意义。     

Studies of the geocenter motion using 16-years DORIS data

An accuracy of geocenter motion estimation is strongly dependent on the geodetic network size and stations distribution over the Earth’s surface. From this point of view DORIS system has an advantage, as its ground network of beacons consists of more than 50 sites, equally distributed over the Earth’s surface. Aiming to study variations of the geocenter movements, the results of DORIS data analysis for the time span 1993.0–2009.0 (inawd06.snx series), performed at the Analysis Centre of the Institute of astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, have been used. DORIS data processing was made with GIPSY/OASIS II software, developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory and modified for DORIS data processing by Institute Géographique National. Standard deviations of stations coordinates are estimated at the level 0.5–4.0 cm (internal consistency), depending on the number of satellites used in the solution. RMS of estimated components of the DORIS satellites orbits, compared with the solutions of other IDS analysis centres, do not exceed 1–2 cm. Weekly solutions for coordinates have been transformed from free network solutions (inawd06.snx series) to a well defined terrestrial reference frame ITRF2005 with the use of seven parameters of Helmert transformation, which were examined with a view to study variations of the geocenter movements (ina05wd01.geoc time series). In order to estimate linear trend, amplitudes, periods and phases of geocenter variation a method of linear regression was applied. The evaluated amplitudes of annual variations are of the order of 5–7 mm for X and Y components and 27–29 mm for Z component. Semi-annual amplitudes are also noticeable in all components (1–34 mm for X, Y and Z components). Secular trends in the DORIS geocenter coordinates are: −1.2, −0.1 and −0.3 mm/year for X, Y and Z directions respectively.     

基于热流密度仿真计算的曲面红外灯阵优化设计方法

文章主要针对形状复杂的月球探测器的热流模拟问题进行研究。基于遗传算法与复合形算法,采取双目标、变尺度网格的优化策略建立了红外灯阵热流优化设计方法。应用单灯热流分布计算模型生成单灯热流分布数据库,解决了反光板反射热流问题,在此基础上建立了红外灯阵热流分布仿真计算方法。结果表明热流分布仿真计算具有较高的准确度,速度快,能够满足优化设计的需要,可以有效提高热流分布均匀性。     

基于DNET的空中红外目标抗干扰识别算法

复杂空战背景下针对人工干扰的博弈是红外空空导弹精确探测制导技术发展面临的瓶颈和核心技术。针对人工干扰对空中红外目标产生的遮蔽、黏连、相似等干扰现象,以及目标机动和相对运动造成的形状、尺度、辐射特性剧烈变化等实际问题,提出一种基于信息特征提取的深度卷积神经网络DNET空中红外图像目标抗干扰识别算法。首先,DNET网络对大尺度特征图像采用密集连接模块,在前部通道保存每一层的网络输出,在网络末端引入特征注意力机制,获得每个特征通道的信息特征识别权重。然后,加入多尺度密集连接模块,并与多尺度特征融合检测结合,提高对大尺度变化情况下的目标特征提取能力。实验结果表明,在伴随红外诱饵干扰的实时检测条件下,红外目标由点目标变化为成像目标,直至充满视场的整个过程中,本文抗干扰识别算法的识别精确度、召回率及识别速度分别达到99.36%、96.95%、132 fps,具备识别精确度和召回率高、识别速度快等优点,并具有良好的鲁棒性。     

TOPSAR data focusing based on azimuth scaling preprocessing

Both Doppler spectral aliasing and azimuth output time folding simultaneously exist in TOPSAR (Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans) raw data. Resampling in both Doppler frequency and azimuth time domain can resolve the azimuth aliasing problem but with the seriously increased computational complexity and memory consumption. According to the special characteristics of TOPSAR raw data support in the slow time/frequency domain (TFD), the presented azimuth scaling preprocessing step is introduced to not only resolve the Doppler spectral aliasing problem but also reduce the increased azimuth samples. Furthermore, the correction of sawtoothed azimuth antenna pattern (AAP) becomes easy to be implemented. The following conventional stripmap processor can be adopted to focus the residual TOPSAR raw data but with the result of azimuth aliased TOPSAR image. The mosaic approach, which has been presented to unfold azimuth aliased ScanSAR image, is exploited to resolve the problem of azimuth output folding in TOPSAR mode. Simulation results and pulse response parameters are given to validate the presented imaging approach.     

面向天基监视的红外弱小飞行目标识别算法

针对当前红外弱小飞行目标特征不明显、背景干扰大等问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的红外弱小目标识别算法。检测框架以YOLOv4模型为基础,通过使用K-means++算法对训练集的候选框进行聚类处理,在初始大小的选取上放弃随机生成初始点的方式,在样本集里选取某一个样本作为初始中心使锚框（anchor）大小的选取更加合理。在模型结构中引入卷积注意力模块,使算法模型计算资源分配更合理,对红外弱小飞行目标的特征信息更加敏感。改进空间金字塔池化模块,使用平均池化可以更多保留图像的原始信息,降低天基成像中的噪点与坏点的影响。仿真实验表明采用K-means++计算Anchor大小时准确率可以达到80.13%,在加入了SPP和CBAM模块后之后在测试集上算法识别准确率达到了83.3%,经过对模型的修改有效提升了对红外弱小飞行目标识别的准确率。     

热障涂层红外热无损检测的建模和有限元分析

在柱坐标系下以轴对称模型描述热障涂层结构TNDT(Thermal Non-Destructive Testing)的瞬态热传导,建立相应的物理模型.用有限元分析软件ANSYS计算热障涂层结构受热脉冲激励后的温度场,研究TNDT可检信息参数(如最大温差和最大对比度)与脱粘缺陷半径、深度、涂层厚度的关系.结果表明,在涂层厚度一定时,最大温差和最大对比度与脱粘缺陷半径成非线性关系,它们随着缺陷半径的增大而增加,且存在上限饱和值;在缺陷半径一定时,最大温差和最大对比度与涂层厚度成非线性关系,且随着涂层厚度的增加而减小.这些研究结果为热障涂层内部脱粘的红外热无损检测及表征提供了基本理论依据.     

真空热试验的温度测量系统

文章介绍了航天器真空热试验的温度测量系统,包括热电偶测量系统、无线测量系统和红外摄像测量系统,涉及接触测量和非接触测量、有线传输和无线传输。目前热电偶温度测量系统在国内外真空热试验中居主导地位,应用十分普遍。但国外近几年无线测量系统已得到研制,红外摄像测量系统已得到应用,有的空间机构已计划将新型测量系统列入空间环境模拟器的标准配套设备。航天器温度测量系统的这些发展变化值得业内人士关注,进行必要的技术和设备研发工作,更好地适应未来航天器真空热试验的需要。     

红外成像导引头抗干扰技术研究

红外成像制导是红外制导技术发展的趋势,在未来战争中将发挥重要作用。介绍了红外成像导引头的优缺点及其简单工作过程,重点分析了红外成像导引头针对不同的干扰源所采取的相应对抗措施,总结出了红外成像导引头的发展趋势是向着焦平面、智能化、通用化以及多模复合制导等方向发展。     

反导系统中的模式识别技术及其发展趋势

根据反导系统目标识别特点,提出了反导系统识别特点及其对模式识别技术的要求,然后系统回顾了反导系统的红外与雷达特征提取与识别技术,总结了反导系统中的模式识别方法,将反导系统中的模式识别技术归纳为统计识别方法、专家系统法等五类,最后探讨了反导系统中模式识别技术发展趋势。