航天器飞行控制仿真与平行系统

总结并分析了目前国内外航天器飞行控制仿真与平行技术的发展现状和任务需求,针对中国当前飞控仿真与平行系统的通用化和标准化不足的情况,提出了一种可组装的飞控仿真与平行系统的定义和系统架构,阐述了仿真与验证、决策与支持两个部分的设计方案,并通过嫦娥五号的飞控工作进行了检验,验证了系统的有效性。最后展望了未来航天器飞行控制仿真与平行技术的发展方向。     

ESO-based event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft with unknown actuator faults

An event-triggered control strategy based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the attitude tracking problem of small plug-and-play spacecraft with uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults. A simplified controller is developed based on the angular velocity and the general disturbances estimated by the provided ESO using the information of the system inputs and the angular velocities. In the designed event-triggered sampling mechanism, a state-dependent event-triggered strategy determines the triggering instant of the controller to reduce the frequency of information transmission between the controller and the actuator. In comparison with the previous literature, this paper considers uncertain inertia parameters, external disturbances, and actuator faults as general disturbances estimated by ESO, especially for the actuator faults. The inputs of ESO are the error of the angular velocities, which can simplify the controller design. Moreover, the designed ESO can effectively attenuate the influence of measured noises generated by the gyroscopes. The proposed event-triggered policy balances the performance of event-triggering and the control stability performance, which reduces the final state convergence regions without increasing more triggering times compared to existing studies. Furthermore, the investigated policy achieves Zeno-free triggering. Numerical simulations verify theoretical results.     

大角速度柔性航天器动力学模型修正

将拉格朗日方程及其准坐标形式用于中心刚体加柔性附件航天器的拉格朗日函数,推导了中心刚体加柔性附件航天器动力学模型。针对航天器大角速度,分析中心刚体角速度对角动量方程的影响,对传统动力学模型进行修正。航天器绕惯量主轴大角速度自旋仿真结果验证了修正后的动力学模型对于大角速度航天器的有效性。     

Composite control method for stabilizing spacecraft attitude in terms of Rodrigues parameters

In this paper, the attitude stabilization problem of a rigid spacecraft described by Rodrigues parameters is investigated via a composite control strategy, which combines a feedback control law designed by a finite time control technique with a feedforward compensator based on a linear disturbance observer (DOB) method. By choosing a suitable coordinate transformation, the spacecraft dynamics can be divided into three second-order subsystems. Each subsystem includes a certain part and an uncertain part. By using the finite time control technique, a continuous finite time controller is designed for the certain part. The uncertain part is considered to be a lumped disturbance, which is estimated by a DOB, and a corresponding feedforward design is then implemented to compensate the disturbance. Simulation results are employed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

隔热层厚度和数量对太空多层光学窗口温度分布的影响

 航天器上常安装有用于科学观察的多层光学窗口,其温度分布的均匀性会影响成像质量。运用射线踪迹-节点分析法的任意多层镜反射辐射与导热耦合换热模型,研究了隔热层厚度及数量对太空中多层光学窗口温度分布的影响。光学窗口的吸收系数、折射率随波长的变化用一组矩形谱带来近似。研究显示太空中热辐射在光学窗口的冷却过程中起着非常重要的作用,在离玻璃层表面附近很薄的一层玻璃介质内,辐射与导热存在强烈的耦合作用。隔热层厚度越薄,其内的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量。隔热层数量越多,光学窗口各层玻璃的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量,但是隔热层最佳数量的确定还需综合考虑其它因素。     

Strategy to search fragments from breakups in GEO

This paper proposes a strategy to search fragments from breakups in the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) region based upon population prediction and motion prediction by means of ground-based optical observations. Breakup fragments have uncertainties in the states such as their position and motion, or even in their existence. Population prediction and motion prediction resolve those uncertainties. Population prediction evaluates the time-averaged distribution of fragments, whose position at a given time is unknown, in the celestial sphere. Motion prediction evaluates the expected motion of fragments appeared in image series acquired by a telescope’s CCD camera. This paper logically describes procedures of the search strategy, and provides mathematical expressions of population prediction and motion prediction. This paper also validates the search strategy via actual observations, in which a confirmed breakup in the GEO region is selected as a target. It is concluded that the proposed strategy is valid even for searching uncataloged fragments from breakups in the GEO region.     

航天器规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导

针对航天器近距离操作中的动态障碍物规避问题,研究了一种燃料较省、精度较高的规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导方法。首先,对于引入高斯函数形式斥力势会使势函数在收敛点处的值不为零的情况,对斥力势乘以修正项,使得在收敛点的势能为零,消除了平衡点的偏离;在规避静态障碍物的基础上,研究了规避动态障碍物的人工势函数制导。其次,根据速度与引力梯度之间的关系,设计负反馈,使引力势梯度“适应”速度的变化,研究了规避动态障碍物的自适应人工势函数制导。最后,采用精确的数学模型进行数值仿真,验证所设计的制导律的正确性和有效性,并与传统的人工势函数制导对比。仿真结果表明：采用修正势函数提高了收敛精度;自适应人工势函数制导控制脉冲作用施加更加合理,相比人工势函数而言,总速度脉冲消耗可节省30%,精度提高两个数量级。     

考虑未知飞轮摩擦力矩的航天器姿态跟踪鲁棒自适应控制

针对存在未知飞轮摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩情况下的姿态跟踪问题,提出并分析一种鲁棒自适应姿态控制律。姿态控制律采用一种间接处理未知飞轮摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩的方法。该方法并不直接关注未知摩擦力矩和外干扰力矩本身,而是关注其界,并用其进行控制器设计。最后基于Barbalat引理证明所得闭环系统的稳定性,并给出数值仿真结果。仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

真空紫外辐照引起的聚合物材料质量损失模型及实验验证

基于扩散理论及辐射化学反应理论,建立真空紫外(VUV)辐照引起的聚合物材料质量损失数学模型。采用分离变量法与特征函数展开法,获得材料中挥发物质量随辐照剂量变化的函数关系式。通过实验得到聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜和聚酯(PET)薄膜的质量损失数据,拟合求解模型中的参数,验证模型的适用性。实验结果表明,该质量损失模型适用于PI薄膜及PET薄膜,借助该模型可预估VUV辐照引起的材料的质量损失。