Harmonic analysis of the ionospheric electron densities retrieved from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements

In order to investigate the regular variations of the ionosphere, the least-squares harmonic estimation is applied to the time series of ionospheric electron densities derived from about five years of Global Positioning System radio occultation observations by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites. The analysis is done for different latitudes and altitudes in the region of Iran. The least-squares harmonic estimation is found to be a powerful tool for the frequency analysis of the completely unevenly spaced time series of radio occultation measurements. Although the obtained results are slightly different from the exact expected cycles (i.e. annual and diurnal components with their Fourier decompositions, and the 27-day period) due to the low horizontal resolution of radio occultation measurements, high vertical resolution of the observations enables us to detect not only the total electron content variations but also periodic patterns of electron densities at different altitudes of the ionosphere. The dominant diurnal and annual signals together with their Fourier series decompositions are obtained, which are consistent with the previous analyses on the total electron content. In the equatorial anomaly band, the annual component is weaker than its Fourier decomposition periods. In particular, the semiannual period dominates the annual component, indicating the relationship between the semiannual variation of the electron densities and the ionospheric equatorial anomaly. From detection of the phases of the components, it is revealed that the annual signal generally has its maximum value in summers at high altitudes, and in the winters at low altitudes. This is probably due to the higher [O/N₂] ratios in winter than in the summer in the lower ionosphere. Furthermore, the semiannual component mostly peaks around solstices or about a month before/after them.     

基于粒子滤波和似然比的接收机自主完好性监测算法

由于粒子滤波算法在处理非线性系统非高斯噪声问题具有较大的优势,提出将粒子滤波算法与对数似然比方法有机结合应用于接收机自主完好性监测(Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring,RAIM)中。通过粒子滤波算法对状态进行精确估计,利用对数似然比建立一致性检验统计量进行故障检测。在建立全量累加对数似然比和部分累加对数似然比检验统计值的基础上,通过比较系统各状态累加对数似然比和检测阈值之间的关系,进而对卫星故障进行检测。对算法进行了数学建模,描述了RAIM算法流程。通过实测数据对提出的RAIM算法进行验证,结果表明:粒子滤波在非高斯测量噪声情况下可以对GPS接收机状态进行精确的估计,利用对数似然比建立的一致性检验统计量能有效地检测并隔离故障卫星,验证了该算法应用于接收机自主完好性监测的可行性和有效性。     

Study of the 2013 Lushan M7.0 earthquake coseismic ionospheric disturbances

On April 20, 2013, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Lushan, Sichuan province, China. This paper investigates the coseismic ionospheric anomalies using GPS (Global Positioning System) data from 23 reference stations in Sichuan province that are a part of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). The recorded results show that a clear ionospheric anomaly occurred within 15 min after the earthquake near the epicenter, and the occurrence time of the anomalies recorded by various stations is related to the distance from the epicenter. The maximum anomaly is 0.25 TECu, with a 2 min duration and the distance of the recording station to the epicenter is 83 km. Acoustic waves generated by the crustal vertical movement during the earthquake propagate up to the height of the ionosphere lead to the ionospheric anomaly, and the propagation speed of the acoustic wave is calculated as 0.72 ± 0.04 km/s based on the propagation time and propagation distance, consistent with the average speed of sound waves within a 0–450 km atmospheric height.     

一种基于UKF滤波器的卫星定位算法

针对基于通用最小二乘迭代法的卫星定位解算方法在定位精度和鲁棒性等方面的不足,提出了一种基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)滤波器的卫星定位解算方法。该方法直接利用GPS接收机测得的伪距和多普勒频移作为观测量,对接收机的位置和速度进行估计。经过工程上的实际验证表明:与基于通用的最小二乘迭代法的卫星定位解算方法相比,所提出的基于UKF滤波器的卫星定位解算方法的定位结果有更高的精度和更强的鲁棒性。     

实现海洋测高卫星厘米级定轨精度的策略分析

基于对多种飞机的机载GPS测量实践,提出我国海洋二号（HY-2）卫星实现厘米级精度的星载GPS定轨测量的基本要求：1）选择适合天线,捕获多颗在视GPS卫星;2）注重天线安装位置,减弱多路径效应影响;3）选用适合的GPS信号接收机,确保星载GPS测量数据优质。     

基于强跟踪滤波的GPS/INS组合导航系统对准技术研究

针对卡尔曼滤波鲁棒性较差的问题,研究了基于强跟踪滤波方法的GPS/INS对准。建立了GPS/INS组合导航系统对准的误差模型,对机载装备系统进行GPS/INS组合导航系统的对准仿真分析,验证该方案的可行性及强跟踪滤波器的性能。仿真结果表明,采用强跟踪滤波能够根据残差的变化求出渐消因子,能够在机动过程中有效跟踪系统状态量,从而提高对准精度和速度。采用强跟踪滤波的GPS/INS组合导航系统对准技术可以保证对准的快速性及对准精度,对工程应用具有重要的参考价值。     

星载GPS数据质量控制方法研究

针对星载全球定位系统（GPS）数据的特点,分别从阈值设置和周跳检验量的角度对TurboEdit方法进行改进,并在传统抗差估计方法的基础上,提出一种改进的抗差估计策略。利用GRACE卫星的星载GPS观测数据对本文的质量控制方法进行分析验证,结果表明：改进的质量控制方法能明显增强周跳探测性能,有效抑制小周跳和粗差的影响,提高几何法定轨的精度和可靠性。     

ISO的GPS基本概念与体系

概要介绍了ISO的产品几何技术规范产生的原由、基本概念与体系的构成、主要内容和今后的发展方向 ,以及我国采用产品几何技术规范的情况。     

Fast solar radiation pressure modelling with ray tracing and multiple reflections

Physics based SRP (Solar Radiation Pressure) models using ray tracing methods are powerful tools when modelling the forces on complex real world space vehicles. Currently high resolution (1?mm) ray tracing with secondary intersections is done on high performance computers at UCL (University College London). This study introduces the BVH (Bounding Volume Hierarchy) into the ray tracing approach for physics based SRP modelling and makes it possible to run high resolution analysis on personal computers. The ray tracer is both general and efficient enough to cope with the complex shape of satellites and multiple reflections (three or more, with no upper limit). In this study, the traditional ray tracing technique is introduced in the first place and then the BVH is integrated into the ray tracing. Four aspects of the ray tracer were tested for investigating the performance including runtime, accuracy, the effects of multiple reflections and the effects of pixel array resolution.Test results in runtime on GPS IIR and Galileo IOV (In Orbit Validation) satellites show that the BVH can make the force model computation 30–50 times faster. The ray tracer has an absolute accuracy of several nanonewtons by comparing the test results for spheres and planes with the analytical computations. The multiple reflection effects are investigated both in the intersection number and acceleration on GPS IIR, Galileo IOV and Sentinel-1 spacecraft. Considering the number of intersections, the 3rd reflection can capture $99.12\%\text{,}99.14\%$, and $91.34\%$ of the total reflections for GPS IIR, Galileo IOV satellite bus and the Sentinel-1 spacecraft respectively. In terms of the multiple reflection effects on the acceleration, the secondary reflection effect for Galileo IOV satellite and Sentinel-1 can reach 0.2?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ and 0.4?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ respectively. The error percentage in the accelerations magnitude results show that the 3rd reflection should be considered in order to make it less than $0.035\%$. The pixel array resolution tests show that the dimensions of the components have to be considered when choosing the spacing of the pixel in order not to miss some components of the satellite in ray tracing. This paper presents the first systematic and quantitative study of the secondary and higher order intersection effects. It shows conclusively the effect is non-negligible for certain classes of misson.     

基于GPS和里程计的快速行进间粗对准方法

针对车载捷联惯导系统(SINS),提出一种快速行进间粗对准方法。将捷联矩阵分解为3个矩阵相乘,利用GPS提供的载体在导航坐标系的速度和里程计提供的载体在载体坐标系的速度构建不共线向量,求解初始载体坐标系相对惯性坐标系的常值转换矩阵,进而求得初始姿态矩阵。该对准方法对载车的唯一要求是在对准过程中做一个转弯机动。与现有对准方法相比,该方法没有用到加速度计信息。仿真结果表明,该方法能在1 min之内完成粗对准,采用零偏为0.1(°)/h的低精度陀螺,对准误差小于0.3°。