差分GPS定向校准方法的研究

提出了一种差分GPS定向校准方法,即利用差分GPS测得固定站和运动站的坐标(WGS-84),应用计算模型求出运动站相对固定站的大地方位角,再与由一等天文点计算给出的大地方位角进行比对。给出了计算模型,试验设备,试验方法和试验数据,验证了思路的正确性和可行性。     

Variability of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed with GPS radio occultation bending angles and temperatures

Recently, Lewis (2009) introduced a new method for the identification of tropopause heights (TPHs) from GPS radio occultation (RO) bending angles (α)$(\alpha )$. The method uses a covariance transform to identify transitions in a ln(α)$\mathit{ln}(\alpha )$ profile. Lewis validates the results with lapse rate tropopause (LRT) heights from one year of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data and radiosondes. In this study we apply the new method to the RO data sets from CHAMP/GRACE (2001–2009) and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (2006–2009). These results are the basis for TPH trend estimations for the time period between May 2001 and August 2009 (100 months) based on zonal monthly mean GPS RO data from CHAMP (2001–2008), GRACE (since 2006) and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (since 2006). Further, we compare the α$\alpha$ based TPH trends with LRT height trends and discuss the differences, which are largest in the subtropical regions (20°–40°) on both the northern and southern hemisphere. A global increase of the TPH between 5 and 9 m/yr is found for both methods and different data sets (CHAMP/GRACE alone and CHAMP/GRACE plus FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC). The results for the TPH trends are linked with bending angle and temperature trends in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region. Generally, an upper tropospheric warming (bending angle decrease) and a lower stratospheric cooling (bending angle increase) is noted.     

Response of the ionospheric F-region in the Brazilian sector during the super geomagnetic storm in April 2000 observed by GPS

The response of the ionospheric F-region in the equatorial and low latitude regions in the Brazilian sector during the super geomagnetic storm on 06–07 April 2000 has been studied in the present investigation. The geomagnetic storm reached a minimum D_st of −288 nT at 0100 UT on 07 April. In this paper, we present vertical total electron content (VTEC) and phase fluctuations (in TECU/min) from GPS observations obtained at Imperatriz (5.5°S, 47.5°W; IMPZ), Brasília (15.9°S, 47.9°W; BRAZ), Presidente Prudente (22.12°S, 51.4°W; UEPP), and Porto Alegre (30.1°S, 51.1°W; POAL) during the period 05–08 April. Also, several GPS-based TEC maps are presented from the global GPS network, showing widespread and drastic TEC changes during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. In addition, ion density measurements on-board the satellite Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 orbiting at an altitude of 840 km and the first Republic of China satellite (ROCSAT-1) orbiting at an altitude of 600 km are presented. The observations indicate that one of the orbits of the DMSP satellite is fairly close to the 4 GPS stations and both the DMSP F15 ion-density plots and the phase fluctuations from GPS observations show no ionospheric irregularities in the Brazilian sector before 2358 UT on the night of 06–07 April 2000. During the fast decrease of D_st on 06 April, there is a prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin resulting in decrease of VTEC at IMPZ, an equatorial station and large increase in VTEC at POAL, a low latitude station. This resulted in strong phase fluctuations on the night of 06–07 April, up to POAL. During the daytime on 07 April during the recovery phase, the VTEC observations show positive ionospheric storm at all the GPS stations, from IMPZ to POAL, and the effect increasing from IMPZ to POAL. This is possibly linked to the equatorward directed meridional wind. During the daytime on 08 April (the recovery phase continues), the VTEC observations show very small negative ionospheric storm at IMPZ but the positive ionospheric storm effect is observed from BRAZ to POAL possibly linked to enhancement of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly.     

Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances of auroral origin according to the data of the GPS network and ionosondes

The intensity of large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LS TIDs), registered using measurements of total electron content (TEC) during the magnetic storms on October 29–31, 2003, and on November 7–11, 2004, had been compared with that of local electron density disturbances. The data of TEC measurements at ground-based GPS receivers located near the ionospheric stations and the corresponding values of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F region f_oF2 were used for this purpose. The variations of TEC and f_oF2 were similar for all events mentioned above. The previous assumption that the ionospheric region with vertical extension from 150 to 200 km located near the F-layer maximum mainly contributes to the TEC variations was confirmed for the cases when the electron density disturbance at the F region maximum was not more than 50%. However, this region probably becomes vertically more extended when the electron density disturbance in the ionospheric F region is about 85%.     

QZSS亚米级增强服务和MSAS增强定位性能评估

日本QZSS亚米级增强服务(SLAS)和多功能卫星增强系统(MSAS)均用于增强单点定位性能，但其服务范围和服务原理不尽相同。为了对这两种增强服务进行增强性能评估，以伪距单点定位结果为基础，比较在日本境内和中国及周边地区使用这两种增强服务增强后的定位结果，分析和评估不同地区两种增强服务的增强性能和适用性。结果表明：在日本境内，SLAS和MSAS均能显著实现定位增强效果，SLAS在水平和高程方向定位精度分别为0.55m和0.9m，提升约51.8%和73.8%；相应地，MSAS定位精度分别为0.69m和0.97m，提升约39.8%和71.8%；表明前者增强效果更好。在中国及周边地区，MSAS增强定位效果更好，但要求离中心服务区越近越好；SLAS也能增强定位效果，但提升效果较小，且当测站离中心服务区超过一定距离时，会出现定位精度负提升的情况。     

双频Android手机GPS/BDS伪距单点定位增强方法与性能评估CSCD

针对双频GNSS手机不同运动状态下的定位性能,从原始观测值质量入手进行分析,设计并比较了多种定位算法的有效性。首先,采集了华为mate30、荣耀20pro、小米10三款双频手机的原始观测数据,从DOP值、信噪比、伪距残差等方面对观测数据质量进行了分析评估。其次,设计了静态和动态实验,利用最小二乘法(LSM)、加权最小二乘法(WLS)(高度角定权、信噪比定权)、Kalman滤波法进行单点定位解算。静态测试结果表明,基于LSM的三款手机定位精度在E、N方向上分别优于2.04m和2.24m,信噪比定权相比高度角定权可使平面定位精度平均提高8.5%;动态测试结果表明,Kalman滤波可有效提高精度性能,平面定位精度平均提高7.2%,但三款手机的动态测试表现明显低于静态测试。     

车载单天线GPS/MEMS-SINS组合对准算法

捷联式惯性导航系统（SINS）需要精确的初始姿态信息进行姿态、速度和位置解算,而微机电系统（MEMS）惯性传感器由于精度限制无法完成自对准。为了解决这个问题,提出一种基于单天线GPS测姿和MEMS SINS的组合对准算法。采用单天线GPS在载体稳定协调运动条件下给出粗略的航向角信息,进行姿态粗对准。在精对准阶段,使用GPS提供的载体的航向角、位置和速度信息作为观测量,建立Kalman滤波器,对捷联式惯性系统的误差项进行估计,得到精确的姿态矩阵（DCM）,完成对准。经过仿真和车载试验验证,对准后的俯仰角和横滚角均方误差在0.1°内,航向角均方误差在0.5°以内。表明算法可以在运动条件下完成载体的对准要求,有一定的实用价值。     

基于最小二乘法的GPS故障星辨识新方法研究

在最小二乘故障检测的基础上,提出了一种在最小二乘法残差向量ω的似然函数基础上推导出故障卫星辨识的新方法。采用该方法针对GPS卫星中可能出现的突发性故障以及斜坡形软故障进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该故障卫星辨识方法能够准确地辨识出故障卫星并将其实时剔除,星座重构后能够使GPS的定位莰差处于正常的范围内。     

基于置信度加权的组合导航数据融合算法

 针对联邦滤波融合算法中由于模型量测噪声统计特性未能被准确描述导致其子滤波器误差变大,进而导致联邦滤波估计出现偏差的问题,为了改进联邦滤波融合方法,将模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波方法和置信度加权方法与联邦滤波融合方法相结合,应用于组合导航系统。该方法首先将模糊自适应卡尔曼滤波方法应用于各子滤波器,使其能够跟踪真实量测噪声统计特性。然后通过模糊方法计算得到各子滤波器的置信度,进而得到联邦滤波器的置信度,再由得到的置信度对各子滤波器及联邦滤波器输出进行加权,得到最终的全局输出。对车载组合导航系统的仿真结果表明,这种算法对量测噪声具有较强的自适应性,能够抑制置信度低的子滤波器在融合系统中所占的权重,提高联邦滤波融合算法的精度,是一种可行的车载组合导航数据融合算法。     

遗传算法在微弱GPS信号捕获方法中的应用

 研究了微弱GPS信号的捕获问题,以捕获时较低的虚警概率和较高的检测概率为目标,以累加时的粗捕获(C/A)码周期数和导航数据数,以及捕获门限等参数为决策变量,应用遗传算法(GA)来解决这一多目标优化问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地解决所提出的问题,所得解能够优化捕获时欲选取的参数,从而提高捕获性能。