一种改进的航空发动机转静件碰摩故障诊断方法

针对航空发动机碰摩故障的实际情况,分析了各种诊断方法的应用局限性,引入并改进适用于航空发动机碰摩诊断的基于SVD(奇异值分解)的碰摩特征提取方法:提出利用数据边界延拓来消除边界振荡,以此发展了适合短时间序列和长时间序列的奇异值分解处理方法,并探讨了简便实用的奇异值选择方法.并在某航空发动机故障信号的检测中,取得了良好的效果.      

腹下无隔道大偏距跨声速S弯进气道气动特性的实验研究(英文)

An investigation on the ventral diverterless high offset S-shaped inlet is carried out at Mach numbers from 0.600 to 1.534, angles of attack from -4° to 9.4°, and yaw angles from 0° to 8°. Results indicate： （1） a large region of low total pressure exists at the lower part of the inlet exit caused by the counter-rotating vortices in the S-shaped duct; （2） the performances of the inlet at Mach number 1.000 reach almost the highest, so the propulsion system could work efficiently in terms of aerodynamics; （3） the total pressure recovery increases slowly at first and then remains unvaried as the Mach number rises from 0.6 to 1.0, however, it does in an opposite manner in the conventional diverter-equipped S-shaped inlet; （4） the performances of the inlet are generally insensitive to angles of attack from -4° to 9.4° and yaw angles from 0° to 8° at Mach number 0.850, and angles of attack from -2° to 6° and yaw angles from 0° to 5° at Mach number 1.534.     

基于健康蜕化的航空发动机传感器故障诊断(英文)

改进在线故障诊断算法使其能适应发动机健康蜕化是目前故障诊断所面临的困难,如果诊断算法没有自适应能力,在发动机健康蜕化后将失去其诊断功能。为了解决此问题,提出在线故障诊断算法,采用跟踪滤波器估计发动机的健康状况,机载模型根据跟踪滤波器的估计结果进行更新。更新后的机载模型能够与真实的发动机相匹配。这使得当发动机健康蜕化后在线故障诊断仍能保持其有效性。最后采用一组卡尔曼滤波器来对航空发动机传感器故障进行诊断与隔离。通过设计好的一组卡尔曼滤波器,能够诊断并隔离出故障。本文使用非线性发动机模型来验证此方法,仿真结果表明本文提出的在线诊断方法在发动机健康蜕化后仍能保持其有效性。     

连续爆轰发动机的二维数值模拟研究

介绍了连续爆轰发动机(Continuous detonation engine,简称CDE)的物理模型及爆轰波传播的物理机理,并对CDE流场的波结构进行了分析.使用两步化学反应模型对简化的CDE模型做了二维数值模拟研究.计算了圆柱面展开二维平面的多个爆轰循环过程.模拟结果较好地匹配了相关CDE实验所获得的流场结构.数值计算结果使我们可以更加透彻地理解CDE各方面的参数,对于CDE的进一步研究具有一定的指导意义.      

预爆管式脉冲爆震原型机试验研究

为了实现多循环吸气式脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）在较短距离内缓燃向爆震的转捩,降低主爆管通过障碍物触发爆震的内部阻力损失,设计了预爆管和主爆管以同种混气（汽油/空气）为工作介质的两相PDE原型机,试验研究了爆震燃烧过程。研究表明：当预爆管出口扩张角度为45°时,可以实现爆震波在主爆管内向衍射面上、下游传播;设计的预爆管式PDE原型机可以实现最高频率为66.7 Hz的稳定间歇工作。     

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

石墨纤维/改性氰酸酯复合材料的应用研究

采用环氧树脂对4,4-二氰酸酯基二苯基丙烷(BADCy)进行共聚改性,通过DSC分析,确定了固化工艺参数,并与石墨纤维(UHMCF)复合制成单向板,测试了不同后处理温度制得的单向板力学性能,并与现用UHMCF/树脂基复合材料单向板的力学性能进行了比较,测试了UHMCF/改性氰酸酯的空间环境性能;制备了UHMCF/改性氰酸酯结构件,测试其性能,并与现用UHMCF/树脂基复合材料同类结构件的性能进行了比较。结果表明:UHMCF/改性氰酸酯不论是单向板还是结构件的性能均优于现用UHMCF/树脂基复合材料的性能,且满足空间环境对航天器结构材料性能的要求。     

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part Ⅱ： Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact

Bird impact is one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. The consequences of bird impact can be severe and, therefore, the aircraft components have to be certified for a proven level of bird impact resistance before being put into service. The fan rotor blades of aeroengine are the components being easily impacted by birds. It is necessary to ensure that the fan rotor blades should have adequate resistance against the bird impact, to reduce the flying accidents caused by bird impacts. Using the contacting-impacting algorithm, the numerical simulation is carded out to simulate bird impact. A three-blade computational model is set up for the fan rotor blade having shrouds. The transient response curves of the points corresponding to measured points in experiments, displacements and equivalent stresses on the blades are obtained during the simulation. From the comparison of the transient response curves obtained from numerical simulation with that obtained from experiments, it can be found that the variations in measured points and the corresponding points of simulation are basically the same. The deforming process, the maximum displacements and the maximum equivalent stresses on blades are analyzed. The numerical simulation verifies and complements the experiment results.     

一种新的蚁群算法及其在飞行器设计中的应用

尝试将蚁群算法引入飞行器优化设计领域,为此建立了适用于高维、多目标、多约束优化问题的连续空间蚁群算法,并以高超声速飞行器气动布局的多目标优化设计为例进行了验证.优化设计结果与采用遗传算法得到的优化结果进行了对比,指出了蚁群算法的优点.该研究可为蚁群算法应用于复杂、高维的大规模飞行器设计问题提供参考.      

变攻角下孔隙射流对高负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

本文对采用孔隙射流的某大折转角雎气机叶栅进行了实验研究．给出了不同攻角下叶栅流道内的静压分布、表面极限流线以及出口流场的气动参数,通过在不同叶高处开孔探讨了孔隙射流位置对大负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响。实验结果表明,孔隙位置对端壁静压的影响不大;开多孔方案对叶栅气动性能的影响要强于单孔方案：在设计攻角下,孔隙射流能够改善角区流动,同时降低叶片中部损失,单孔方案的最佳开孔位置位于25％相对叶高处,质量平均能量损失系数相对原形叶栅降低4．75％,开多孔方案巾能量损失相对原形叶栅最多降低5．52％：在负攻角下．孔隙射流导致叶栅性能下降,而在正攻角下,孔隙射流大幅提高叶栅性能,能量损失系数相对原形叶栅最多降低12．7％。