An empirical model to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary shocks

We extend the empirical coronal mass ejection (CME) arrival model of Gopalswamy et al. [Gopalswamy, N. et al. Predicting the 1-AU arrival times of coronal mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res. 106, 29207, 2001] to predict the 1-AU arrival of interplanetary (IP) shocks. A set of 29 IP shocks and the associated magnetic clouds observed by the Wind spacecraft are used for this study. The primary input to this empirical shock arrival model is the initial speed of white-light CMEs obtained using coronagraphs. We use the gas dynamic piston–shock relationship to derive the ESA model which provides a simple means of obtaining the 1-AU speed and arrival times of interplanetary shocks using CME speeds.     

On one approach to space weather studies from ground based observations during 1953–2001

The cross correlation of daily values of coronal hole areas at the eastern limb of the Sun constructed from the ground based measurements of the green coronal line and daily mean cosmic ray intensities over long time periods shows asymmetry: at the maximum of their 27 day cycle, cosmic ray intensities are better correlated with coronal hole areas 66 days before than with the current value. This indicates the potential for using coronal emission data as one of the parameters for eventual prediction of the level of cosmic ray flux at neutron monitor energies.     

近地卫星和星座离轨机动研究

空间碎片减缓的积极措施之一是要求近地卫星在使命完成以后进行离轨机动,然后依靠大气阻力作用使卫星在不到25年的时间内自行消失.对此,研究了离轨机动的代价与使命后寿命的关系,提出并解决了正问题和逆问题;介绍了计算卫星寿命的高效率方法.为近地轨道卫星的设计提供了处理离轨机动问题的实用方法.      

基于GPS相对伪距差分的相对导航方法研究

研究基于GPS相对伪距差分技术的RVD相对导航方法。分析了在相对位置零位处对相对伪距差分模型进行线性化后的模型误差,并推导了由模型误差所引起的相对导航参数确定误差;提出了模型误差修正方法和采用强跟踪滤波器的非线性滤波方法等两种改进方法。最后,通过数学仿真验证了两种改进方法的有效性。     

肋片参数对辐射器散热性能的影响研究

采用蒙特卡罗法计算等截面圆管直肋式辐射器的肋片和外管壁相互间的辐射换热,数值模拟了第一类换热边界条件下散热器的散热过程。分析了辐射器的肋片数、肋片高度、肋片厚度及管壁温度对肋片散热性能的影响。结果发现,在肋片质量一定的条件下肋片数及肋片高度均存在一优值,在该值附近肋片的散热效率最高,且该值受管壁温度的影响,温度越高该值越小;在肋片外形不变的条件下,增加肋片的厚度来提高辐射器的散热性能并不是经济的途径;肋片的散热效率随管壁温度的升高而减小,壁温较高时安装肋片的必要性降低。     

Verification of shielding effect by the water-filled materials for space radiation in the International Space Station using passive dosimeters

The dose reduction effects for space radiation by installation of water shielding material (“protective curtain”) of a stack board consisting of the hygienic wipes and towels have been experimentally evaluated in the International Space Station by using passive dosimeters. The averaged water thickness of the protective curtain was 6.3 g/cm². The passive dosimeters consisted of a combination of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs). Totally 12 passive dosimeter packages were installed in the Russian Service Module during late 2010. Half of the packages were located at the protective curtain surface and the other half were at the crew cabin wall behind or aside the protective curtain. The mean absorbed dose and dose equivalent rates are measured to be 327 μGy/day and 821 μSv/day for the unprotected packages and 224 μGy/day and 575 μSv/day for the protected packages, respectively. The observed dose reduction rate with protective curtain was found to be 37 ± 7% in dose equivalent, which was consistent with the calculation in the spherical water phantom by PHITS. The contributions due to low and high LET particles were found to be comparable in observed dose reduction rate. The protective curtain would be effective shielding material for not only trapped particles (several 10 MeV) but also for low energy galactic cosmic rays (several 100 MeV/n). The properly utilized protective curtain will effectively reduce the radiation dose for crew living in space station and prolong long-term mission in the future.     

惯性速度辅助下GPS／捷联惯导组合系统性能研究

ＧＰＳ／惯性导航组合系统目前正得到越来越广泛的应用，但ＧＰＳ接收机载波环失锁时，码环的速率辅助信息来自惯导系统，由于惯性速度的不精确性及伪距测量误差和它之间的相关性，将可能导致组合系统工作的不稳定，本文根据码环的工作特性，在组合卡尔曼滤波器中考虑了码环的跟踪误差，利用ＧＰＳ／捷联惯导组合系统的导航性能，结果表明，ＧＰＳ／捷联惯导组合系统中，若消除了伪距测量误差与惯性速度误差之间的相关性，将可较显著     

一种新的整周模糊度快速求解算法

快速求解整周模糊度是利用GPS载波相位进行精确相对定位的关键技术.基于LAMBDA算法和FASF算法,提出了一种新的整周模糊度快速求解算法.该算法充分结合LAMBDA算法和FASF算法的优点,首先运用LAMBDA算法中的空间变换的思想,然后利用FASF算法的模糊度搜索技术,提高了模糊度求解效率.通过对1 km左右基线的相对定位实验表明:算法利用几个历元的数据可以正确地求解模糊度,使基线精度达到亚厘米级.     

基于Bancroft算法的GPS动态定位非线性滤波法

由于系统线性化时存在忽略项,扩展卡尔曼滤波成为一种次优的梯度下降算法.当滤波方程病态时,求解存在发散倾向,且估计量为有偏的,而非最优估计.即使动态系统噪声为高斯噪声时,残差也不是高斯噪声.在伪距定位中,由于线性化后的伪距方程是局部解,这有可能丢失正确解值.针对GPS动态导航扩展卡尔曼滤波定位问题,基于美国Bancroft的全局性非线性"闭合式求解"最小二乘算法(Bancroft算法),本文提出一种闭合式GPS非线性代数解的卡尔曼滤波法(两步算法).该方法将GPS滤波问题中的空间与时间分离,较好地解决了非线性GPS动态定位求解问题,且获得稳定可靠的动态定位解.     

滑动式Thiele型连分式插值方法在GPS精密星历中的应用

在动态GPS精密定位中,必须使用高精度的GPS卫星轨道数据,但是IGS组织只提供15min间隔的精密星历,无法满足间隔时间较短的动态定位要求,用多项式逼近效果很差,另外对于不同的星历插值没有高效的方法能确定最佳多项式阶数。因此,利用Thiele型连分式建立有理函数,并在此基础上提出滑动式Thiele型连分式插值的方法,简化了方法又提高了内插精度,并通过算例与Lagrange多项式和Chebyshev多项式进行了分析和比较,结果表明该插值方法可以更加有效地改进插值精度。