Miniaturized laser-induced plasma spectrometry for planetary in situ analysis – The case for Jupiter’s moon Europa

Jupiter’s icy moon Europa is one of most promising places in our Solar System where possible extraterrestrial life forms could exist either in the past or even presently. The Europa Lander mission, an exciting part of the international Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM/Laplace), considers in situ planetary exploration of the moon. The distance of Europa from the Earth and the Sun asks for autonomous analytical tools that maximize the scientific return at minimal resources, demanding new experimental concepts. We propose a novel instrument, based on the atomic spectroscopy of laser generated plasmas for the elemental analysis of Europa’s surface materials as far as it is in reach of the lander for example by a robotic arm or a mole, or just onboard the lander. The technique of laser-induced plasma spectrometry provides quantitative elemental analysis of all major and many trace elements. It is a fast technique, i.e. an analysis can be performed in a few seconds, which can be applied to many different types of material such as ice, dust or rocks and it does not require any sample preparation. The sensitivity is in the range of tens of ppm and high lateral resolution, down to 50 μm, is feasible. In addition, it provides the potential of depth profiling, up to 2 mm in rock material and up to a few cm in more transparent icy matrices. Key components of the instrument are presently developed in Germany for planetary in situ missions. This development program is accompanied by an in-depth methodical investigation of this technique under planetary environmental conditions.     

Helio-geomagnetic influence in cardiological cases

The effects of the energetic phenomena of the Sun, flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on the Earth’s ionosphere–magnetosphere, through the solar wind, are the sources of the geomagnetic disturbances and storms collectively known as Space Weather. The research on the influence of Space Weather on biological and physiological systems is open. In this work we study the Space Weather   impact on Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) distinguishing between ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (STE–ACS) and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE–ACS) cases. We compare detailed patient records from the 2nd Cardiologic Department of the General Hospital of Nicaea (Piraeus, Greece) with characteristics of geomagnetic storms (_DST${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathit{ST}}$), solar wind speed and statistics of flares and CMEs which cover the entire solar cycle 23 (1997–2007). Our results indicate a relationship of ACS to helio-geomagnetic activity as the maximum of the ACS cases follows closely the maximum of the solar cycle. Furthermore, within very active periods, the ratio NSTE–ACS to STE–ACS, which is almost constant during periods of low to medium activity, changes favouring the NSTE–ACS. Most of the ACS cases exhibit a high degree of association with the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storms; a smaller, yet significant, part was found associated with periods of fast solar wind without a storm.     

面向天文观测的空间科学卫星任务规划方法研究

面向天文观测的空间科学卫星任务规划是一个复杂的多目标优化问题.通过对天文观测类卫星的任务规划要素及约束条件进行抽象,建立了面向天文观测的多目标任务规划问题模型,在此基础上设计了基于NSGA-II的多目标观测任务规划算法,并通过实例进行了实验及结果分析.研究表明,该方法能够有效解决天文观测类卫星不同规模的任务规划问题.      

光学遥感器光电信号处理系统的空间辐射效应研究

文章针对光学遥感器光电信号处理系统,描述了空间辐射效应研究的方法和途径。首先介绍了光学遥感器常用运行轨道的空间辐射环境,然后选择光学遥感器的光电信号处理系统作为分析模型,介绍了光电信号处理系统的电路组成和主要元器件,从器件级、电路级到系统级对空间辐射效应的危害性进行分析,并且结合元器件的抗辐射性能现状,归纳了辐射效应的薄弱环节及主要元器件需要进行的辐照试验。最后对空间辐射效应研究的方法和步骤进行了总结。     

空间相机温度解算方法的分析与研究

通过温度解算完成相机主体温度测量,是相机主体温控系统实现的关键环节之一.传统的温度解算方法存在数据存储量大、可移植性差、温度映射精度低等缺点.文章提出一种拟合温度解算法,针对不同的系统需求,给出两种改进方案,对拟合温度解算法及其改进方案的原理、性能及实现方式进行描述与分析.实践证明,该方法具有占用内存小、可移植性好、温...     

SpaceWire与SpaceFibre高速总线发展与研究

介绍SpaceWire总线和SpaceFibre网络的基本情况及其构成。分析了两者用于航天器时的优点。综述了两者在国内外发展和基础研究状况,给出了研究与应用中的高可靠SpaceWire-D信息组网和高速SpaceFibre网络传输等关键技术。     

微牛级射频离子推力器结构优化研究

为了满足中国科学院空间引力波探测——"空间太极计划"对航天器推进系统提出的微牛量级推力高精度控制需求,基于感性耦合等离子体自持放电,设计了一套微牛级射频离子推力器(μRIT-1).通过理论分析与实验验证,完成了μRIT-1关键结构组件优化工作,包括射频天线、放电室及离子光学系统.根据实验结果,μRIT-1采用7匝线直径...     

针对超临界翼型气动修型策略的强化学习

强化学习是一类用于学习策略的机器学习方法,通过模拟人的学习过程,与所处环境不断交互来学习动作策略,用以获得最大累积回报。以设计师在翼型气动设计中的增量修型过程为例,给出强化学习在气动优化设计中的要素定义和具体算法的实现。研究了预训练中选择不同示例对预训练和强化学习结果的影响,并将强化学习得到的策略模型在其他环境中进行了迁移测试验证。结果表明,合理的预训练能够有效提高强化学习的效率和最终策略的鲁棒性,且所形成的策略模型具有较好的迁移能力。     

民用飞机试验件制造检查项目的推荐及确定

在民用飞机适航取证过程中,申请人需通过制造符合性检查以保证生产制造各类型试验件及其生产过程符合经批准的型号设计资料。审查方通过申请人推荐制造符合性检查项目确定需要经过检查的试验件。从民用飞机制造符合性检查的流程着手,定义制造符合性检查项目、项目推荐原则以及推荐过程中项目的检查属性等,并从生产质量控制、构型控制两方面分析制造符合性检查项目推荐过程中需要关注的重点。     

5229D/T700导电环氧复合材料空间环境适应性研究

对5229D/T700导电环氧复合材料力学、电学、耐热特性进行了系统表征,通过真空出气、温度循环和总剂量辐照等环境试验考察了5229D/T700导电环氧复合材料空间环境适应性。结果表明,5229D/T700导电环氧复合材料Tg为236℃,150℃弯曲强度保持率为85%,150℃真空总质损为0.44%,可凝挥发物为0.05%,具有很好耐热性和极低的真空污染特性。同时发现5229D/T700导电环氧复合材料力学性能几乎不受温度循环和总剂量辐照的影响,而电性能在总剂量辐照试验后略有增加,表现出非常优异空间环境适应性。