Inverse design of low boom configurations using proper orthogonal decomposition and augmented Burgers equation

Mitigation of sonic boom to an acceptable stage is a key point for the next generation of supersonic transports. Meanwhile, designing a supersonic aircraft with an ideal ground signature is always the focus of research on sonic boom reduction. This paper presents an inverse design approach to optimize the near-field signature of an aircraft, making it close to the shaped ideal ground signature after the propagation in the atmosphere. Using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD) method, a guessed input of augmented Burgers equation is inversely achieved. By multiple POD iterations, the guessed ground signatures successively approach the target ground signature until the convergence criteria is reached. Finally, the corresponding equivalent area distribution is calculated from the optimal near-field signature through the classical Whitham F-function theory. To validate this method, an optimization example of Lockheed Martin 1021 is demonstrated. The modified configuration has a fully shaped ground signature and achieves a drop of perceived loudness by 7.94 PLdB. This improvement is achieved via shaping the original near-field signature into wiggles and damping it by atmospheric attenuation. At last, a nonphysical ground signature is set as the target to test the robustness of this inverse design method and shows that this method is robust enough for various inputs.     

流线追踪内转式低音爆进气道的设计方法及流动特征

摘 要：为了降低内转式进气道的音爆强度,设计了一种具有曲内收缩前体和零度唇罩角的内转式低音爆进气道,采用数值仿真方法初步研究其在不同工况下的流场结构和流动特征。结果表明：由于零度唇罩角,低音爆进气道的唇罩激波微弱,对唇罩外侧的流场影响较小,因此内转式低音爆进气道的音爆显著低于常规内转式进气道,其中在设计马赫数通流状态下相比下降约94.18%;由于内唇罩面向内偏折,导致唇口反射激波强度增加,总压损失增加,内转式低音爆进气道总压恢复系数略低于常规内转式进气道;内转式低音爆进气道的音爆除了与唇罩角有关,也与其飞行工况有关,飞行攻角越大、来流马赫数(Ma∞＜Mad)越小,音爆越大;其中,在α=0°时,其音爆比α=6°下减小约86.69%;在Ma2.2时,其音爆比Ma1.85下减小约91.93%。     

透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂轴压屈曲分析及试验

对透镜式截面四层铺设薄壁碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)管空间伸展臂进行轴压载荷试验,得到轴压临界屈曲载荷及屈曲特性。利用有限元模型进行线性特征值屈曲分析,并引入屈曲模态形式作为初始几何缺陷进行非线性屈曲分析,得到轴压下屈曲临界载荷及非线性屈曲特性,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明初始几何缺陷对CFRP管轴压临界载荷影响较大,给CFRP管加入适当的几何缺陷可更有效模拟实际非完善体的屈曲载荷。进而对其材料厚度、层数和铺设角度进行参数分析,得到各参数对轴压临界载荷的影响程度及敏感性,本文对透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂的设计和深入研究具有重要参考价值。     

硬式加油伸缩杆非线性解耦控制仿真研究

多输入/输出、耦合、非线性硬式空中加油伸缩杆解耦控制是加油控制系统设计的关键。当系统满足一定条件时,采用逆系统方法将原系统等效为线性系统,并在此基础上对解耦系统进行PI控制,以实现满意的控制效果。通过MATLAB/SIMULINK建立了伸缩杆模型并设计了解耦控制器,仿真结果表明该解耦方法很好地消除了系统间的耦合作用,能够满足工程设计的需要。     

典型标模音爆的数值预测与分析

精确预测音爆对超声速民机的研制具有重要意义。主流的音爆强度预测方法分为两步,首先通过风洞试验或CFD方法得到近场音爆过压（Over-pressure）分布,再运用修正线化理论或非线性声学理论将近场过压传播至地面,最终获得地面音爆的声压信号。本文运用典型标模对当前音爆数值预测方法的精度进行了验证和确认。在近场音爆过压分布的数值预测方面,分别考察了超声速尖点构型前缘修形尺度、不同空间离散格式和无黏/有黏流动控制方程求解对近场过压计算结果的影响。远场音爆预测方面,以LM1021全机构型近场过压分布为输入,使用基于波形参数法的远场传播工具分别考察了不同离散格式和有/无黏性计算的近场过压分布差异对地面音爆结果的影响。算例结果表明,尖点构型近场音爆预测中进行几何修形是十分必要的,使用相对合理的过渡球半径可以保证近场音爆预测精度,过大的修形尺度会对激波形状、激波和膨胀波的峰值均产生较明显的影响;就近场波形而言,熵相容格式计算得到的结果与试验测量值吻合最好,但不同离散格式导致的近场预测波形差异对传播到远场的波形关键指标（主要是最大过压和上升时间）的影响很小;是否计入黏性对近场波形结果尽管仅有小幅的影响,但将近场信号传播到远场得到地面波形时,这些细微差异会在远场波形的音爆评价关键指标上表现出明显的区别。     

Research of low boom and low drag supersonic aircraft design

Sonic boom reduction will be an issue of utmost importance in future supersonic transport, due to strong regulations on acoustic nuisance. The paper describes a new multi-objective optimization method for supersonic aircraft design. The method is developed by coupling Seebass–George–Darden(SGD) inverse design method and multi-objective genetic algorithm.Based on the method, different codes are developed. Using a computational architecture, a conceptual supersonic aircraft design environment(CSADE) is constructed. The architecture of CSADE includes inner optimization level and out optimization level. The low boom configuration is generated in inner optimization level by matching the target equivalent area distribution and actual equivalent area distribution. And low boom/low drag configuration is generated in outer optimization level by using NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize the control parameters of SGD method and aircraft shape. Two objective functions, low sonic boom and low wave drag, are considered in CSADE. Physically reasonable Pareto solutions are obtained from the present optimization. Some supersonic aircraft configurations are selected from Pareto front and the optimization results indicate that the swept forward wing configuration has benefits in both sonic boom reduction and wave drag reduction. The results are validated by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis.     

空间豆荚杆机构收展过程的并行仿真计算

针对空间豆荚杆展开机构的设计,利用显式动态算法和高性能计算资源,对豆荚杆盘卷收拢和展开过程进行了非线性准静态仿真。为满足计算调试和多组工况带来的大规模计算需求,通过计算耗时、应力曲线和能量曲线的对比分析,确立了以提高加载速率为主的显式计算并行加速合理策略。计算过程和结果分析表明,动态仿真方法完全可以用来对豆荚杆机构的功能设计、结构改型和参数调整进行预知仿真,并为试验提供指导和参考。     

无人机中翼与尾撑之间易损连接结构研究

针对伞降回收双尾撑后推式气动布局的中小型无人机在非正常着陆情况下中翼损伤的问题,分析了中翼损伤的原因及减少其受损的途径,论证了在尾撑上设置易损连接结构的可行性,给出了在尾撑上设置易损连接结构的原理和方法,有效地解决了此问题.     

直升机尾桨/尾梁耦合动稳定性分析

根据激振实验数据,应用加速度响应频响函数方程组求解尾桨毂中心处的各阶模态频率,采用加速度导纳圆方法求得尾梁在尾桨毂中心处各阶模态的质量、阻尼和刚度。利用特征值方法分析了尾桨/尾梁耦合共振动稳定性。结果表明,尾梁纵向和垂向一阶模态是可能与尾桨摆振后退型模态产生耦合共振的危险模态,提高尾桨减摆器储能模量和尾梁一阶固有频率有利于提高系统稳定性。     

民用飞机气动外形数值优化设计面临的挑战与展望

系统回顾了气动外形优化的主要环节,对优化体系中学科分析、参数化建模、网格重构技术、敏度分析、优化算法、代理模型、目标函数/约束处理等各个环节的进展,及气动综合优化面临的挑战、基础科学问题进行了总结。结合课题组在优化体系建设上开展的研究工作,针对民用飞机气动外形综合设计的需求,提炼了工程型号对优化体系构建的具体要求。并对今后的研究工作以及未来发展方向进行了展望与建议。通过文章系统整理论述,希望能够为气动数值优化设计研究人员提供一些有意义的建议和参考,促进设计空气动力学、以及多学科优化技术的发展。