利用辅助圆锥面法图解与计算回转体表面上的等倾曲线

本文基于曲面相交理论，依据辅助圆锥面和辅助平面与已回转面相交的三面共点原理，给出了图解回转体表面上等倾曲线的原理与方法，同时还给出了适合于微机求解等倾曲线上点的坐标的数值计算公式。     

Numerical investigation on cavity structure of solid-fuel scramjet combustor

The influences of miscellaneous combustor structures for solid fuel scramjet combustion on the performance are investigated, including a detailed interaction analysis between shocks/waves and combustion. Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene is chosen as the solid fuel with the non-premixed equilibrium probability density function combustion model. The results show combustion enhancement when structure of combustor is modified. The radical emphasis is to examine the sensitivity of the properties due to variations on the length-to-depth ratio of cavity, aft wall angle, and offset ratio. It is noted that there is an appropriate structure of cavity (L/D=4, θ=45°, and D_d/D_u=1.25–1.5) regarding the combustion efficiency, total pressure loss and specific impulse. The observation of function for combustor components provides instructional insight into the design considerations for a combustor of a solid-fuel scramjet.     

Infrared radiation signature of exhaust plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics

The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term.     

X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detector development for future space instrumentation

An overview of the material developments currently being pursued by the European Space Agency (ESA) with respect to X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detection media is given. The benefits underlying the selection of specific materials are discussed. In the X-ray regime the basic microphysics behind degraded spectral performance caused by the polarization effect and Te inclusions, have been investigated. We have found that both effects degrade the spectra by producing a localised distortion of the electric field. The underlying cause for the distortion does however differ. For the γ-ray regime, a low-noise equivalent scintillator to LaBr₃ has been developed in the form of CeBr₃. Three inch crystals with a FWHM energy resolution of 4.4% at 662 keV have successfully been produced. For neutron detection, a boron compound based solid state neutron detector has been developed that is sensitive to neutrons, alpha particles and 60 keV X-rays. The measured detection efficiency in detection for thermal neutrons was found to be in the order of a few per cent.     

立式捏合机搅拌桨的设计

介绍了立式捏合机搅拌桨的设计方法和几何参数的计算方法;推导了两搅拌桨螺旋升角的关系式,根据捏合原理,建立了搅拌桨水平截面曲线的数学模型。     

飞行参数对射流矢量喷管内流场影响的数值模拟

采用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和k-ε湍流模型对固体火箭发动机燃气二次喷射矢量喷管内外流场进行数值模拟,研究飞行参数对矢量喷管内主/次流耦合流场的影响。结果表明,自由来流造成喷管出口附近压力变化,通过喷管内壁面附面层作用影响喷管内部流动特性。飞行马赫数为超声速,或者环境压强较低时,侧向力大小与飞行参数无关。在低空亚声速流中,侧向力随飞行马赫数增加迅速减小,随环境压强降低而减小。     

固体火箭发动机射流中存在障碍物时的流场分析

基于N-S控制方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型,采用FLUENT软件对某固体火箭发动机存在球形障碍物的射流流场进行了数值模拟,得到了球形障碍物尺寸及距离喷管出口位置对射流流场的影响规律。计算结果表明,当障碍物处于第一个膨胀压缩过程之后与第二个膨胀压缩波过程之前的特殊位置时,它对整个射流火焰宽度的影响最为显著,该计算结果与某次发动机试车失败时所观测的现象相符。     

控制流参数对涡流阀变推力固体发动机性能的影响

以涡流阀变推力发动机为研究对象,利用涡流阀变推力发动机实验系统以及三维数值模拟,研究了控制流压强、流量、速度以及温度对推力调节性能的影响。研究结果表明:在其他条件一样的情况下,提高控制流的温度能够提高发动机的推力调节比;提高控制流的流量会增加发动机的推力调节比;提高控制流的速度有利于提高发动机的推力调节比。     

新型含能材料──CL－20

综述了ＣＬ－２０结构特征、合成方法及热分解性能，并对其作为固体推进剂氧化剂的能量特性进行了计算分析。结果显示ＣＬ－２０具有能量密度高、感度适中等特点，同时具有较好热稳定性和不同于ＨＭＸ的热分解特性，是一种有潜力的高能量密度材料。     

低温下三组元固体推进剂燃烧波阵面变化规律实验研究

深入了解高能固体推进剂在低温条件下燃烧性能,获得燃烧波阵面变化规律,对评估推进剂在低温条件下的适应性能力具有重要指导意义。本文设计了燃烧波狭缝观测实验装置,采用高速摄影观测技术,对三组元HTPB固体推进剂在常温和低温条件下的燃烧过程进行了观测,获得了燃烧过程中波阵面的图像。结果表明,相比于在常温条件下,固体推进剂在低温条件下出现了燃烧波不稳定的情况。根据燃烧波图像计算出了推进剂的燃速,并与靶线法燃速测量结果进行比较。结果表明,两种方法测量的结果差异较小,推进剂在低温条件下的燃烧速度明显低于在常温条件下,常温条件的燃速在1.717～2.127mm/s,低温条件下的燃速在1.252～1.583mm/s。